Julie Salis-Schwabe

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Julie Salis-Schwabe

Julie Salis-Schwabe , née Ricke Rosetta Schwabe , (born January 31, 1818 in Bremen , † May 20, 1896 in Naples ) was a German philanthropist of Jewish descent who was particularly committed to spreading Froebel pedagogy, inspired by Friedrich Froebel , in Italy and England began.

Live and act

Ricke Rosetta (who later called herself Julie) Schwabe was born into a wealthy Jewish merchant family. In 1821 the Schwabes moved to Hamburg . Ricke Rosetta received private lessons. At the age of about 16 she went to Leipzig for two years , where she enjoyed a variety of private lessons in the home of a family friend. In 1837 she married Salis Schwabe from Oldenburg, who owned a large factory near Manchester that printed calico . The happy marriage resulted in seven children, three daughters and four sons. Julie and Salis Schwabe were staunch Unitarians, Supporters of the “Manchester School of Free Tanders” and got involved in the social field for children, the sick and the elderly. They promoted the fine arts. In the hospitable and highly educated home of the Schwabe family, whether in their residence near Manchester or later in their castle on the island of Anglesa in northern Wales , musicians, politicians, artists, educators and philosophers, etc. a. Frédéric Chopin , Christian Carl Josias Freiherr von Bunsen , and Ferdinand Gregorovius . Friedrich Froebel , the "founder" of the kindergarten, met Julie Salis-Schwabe in the house of a close relative, the Froebel pedagogue Johanna Goldschmidt . Johanna, born in Swabia, met the educators in Bad Liebenstein in 1849 .

On March 6, 1850, Friedrich Fröbel opened the "... first Hamburger, like the first German citizen kindergarten ...". A year later, Goldschmidt arranged for Froebel to stay in Hamburg to train young girls to be kindergarten teachers. After the death of her husband Salis Schwabe in July 1853, the widow, who moved to London in 1865, stepped up her social commitment in line with her attitude towards life “wealth obliges”. Her philanthropic work was aimed at the education and upbringing of children and young people, as well as the sick and “mad”, generally all people in need. Above all , she tried to alleviate the miserable social conditions in Naples , which Julie Salis Schwabe had got to know through many trips to Italy, not through alms, but through the establishment of educational institutions, since she was of the opinion that “education for the Masses is the surest way to improve a country, a society ”. That is why she wanted to set up an educational institution. The "noble woman" wrote to her "sponsors" in Germany, England and France:

“As the philanthropic, enlightened and serious thinkers of the various nations unite in this way to improve a state of deepest human immersion, I venture to hope that the institute in Naples will also become the first foundation of an alliance of noble people, who without distinction nationality and faith unite to counteract those disastrous powers which instead of the kingdom of God and everything good and true on earth only seek to establish their own power and rule through ignorance of the masses. "

In London, famous opera singer Jenny Lind gave a benefit concert that raised £ 1,000. As a result, Julie Salis-Schwabe was able to found the Istituto Froebeliano in Naples in 1871 , which was initially headed by an Englishwoman. She sent some of the teachers / kindergarten teachers of Italian, German and English nationality to Emilie Wüstenfeld and Johanna Goldschmidt in Hamburg for training . Just two years later, the institute had to be closed due to a cholera epidemic. After ten years of struggle, with the help of the Italian government, she finally managed to rebuild the Istituto Froebeliano . The institution comprised a kindergarten with three kindergarten classes, an elementary school with placement classes that transferred the children from kindergarten to school, an elementary school, a "preparation" for boys, in which they were prepared up to the fourth grade of high school, and a higher girls' school, the training classes for kindergarten teachers followed. Friedrich Froebel's idea of unity was used in all facilities . By royal decree, the Neapolitan all-encompassing educational institution was awarded the honorable title Istituto Froebeliano Internazionale Emanuele II in 1887 . For many years the institute was headed by the Froebel pedagogue Adele von Portugall .

The success in Naples spurred Julie Salis-Schwabe to set up a Froebel Society with a group of like-minded people in Great Britain in 1892 to promote the kindergarten system. In 1896, in Colet Gardens, in the London borough of Kensington, a “model educational institute in the spirit of Friedrich Fröbel and William Ellis”, a non-denominational teachers' seminar, was ceremoniously opened. The Froebel Educational Institute was inaugurated by Empress Friedrich . The institution should support, disseminate and promote the development of the kindergarten with consideration of Froebel pedagogy in England. The former Fröbel teachers' seminar still exists today as the Ibstock Place School , which is now located in Roehampton and is still committed to Fröbel's basic ideas.

literature

  • From a woman (Johanna Goldschmidt): On the matter of Friedrich Fröbels, in: Rheinische Blätter for Education and Teaching 1853, pp. 325–344
  • J. [Jenny] Asch: A Froebel educational institution in Naples. (Istituto Froebliano Vittorio Emanuelle II), Breslau 1897.
  • E. Lawrence: Friedrich Froebel and English Education. Abingdon 2012.
  • A. [Adele] v. Portugall: Friedrich Froebel his life and work. Leipzig / Berlin 1905.
  • Manfred Berger : Froebel pedagogy carried to Europe. Julie Salis-Schwabe, a forgotten Froebel educator. In: Theory and Practice of Social Pedagogy (TPS), Heft 2, 2016, pp. 52–54.
  • For a Froebel institute in Italy . In: The Gazebo . Issue 7, 1876, pp. 124 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).

Web links

Wikisource: Rhenish sheets for education and instruction  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. https://www.nifbe.de/component/themensammlung?view=item&id=541:julie-salis-schwabe-1819-1896&catid=37
  2. ↑ Her husband's name was “Salis Schwabe” and not “Adolf Salis Schwabe”, as Manfred Berger writes. Julie Salis Schwabe's husband was born as "Salomon ben Elias Schwabe" in Ovelgönne. It is not known since when he called himself “Salis Schwabe”. He used this name as early as September 1835 when he was naturalized in Great Britain. ( Parliamentary Debates : Volume 30, Private Act, p. Xl, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D6aw9AAAAcAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3DPT4~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ). Adolph Schwabe was married to Mathilde Pfeiffer.
  3. ↑ In the English literature it says: "calico printing".
  4. ^ Family: Schwabe, Salis / Schwabe, Julie Ricke Rosetta (F12642). In: Emigrants from the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. Oldenburg Society for Family Studies e. V., accessed December 12, 2019 .
  5. ^ Salis Schwabe was one of the initiators of the German Hospital in London, which opened in 1845 , along with Friedrich Huth and Daniel Meinertzhagen (Ulrike Kirchberger: Aspects of German-British Expansion , Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 1999, p. 226 digitized version ). After Salis Schwabe's death in 1853, Julie Salis Schwabe also supported the hospital ( German Hospital Dalston : Supported by Voluntary Contributions. Wertheimner, London 1857, p. 31, digitized version )http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DuaoMMzZGmlQC~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3DPA226~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3Dhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DmWRLAAAAcAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3DPA31~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D
  6. ↑ Schwabe had several residences in Manchester, u. a. Crumpsall House Glyn Garth ( Glyn Garth and the family Schwabe. In: journey into the past. Bangor University, 2018, accessed on 16 December 2019 . )
  7. ↑ Chopin did not belong to the circle of friends, as Manfred Berger writes. Chopin only met the Schwabe family once when he was staying at Crumpsall House for a concert in Manchester in August 1848 ( Rose Cholmondeley: Chopin's visit to Britain, 1848. The Chopin Society UK, 1998, accessed December 17, 2019 . )
  8. ↑ The author Manfred Berger mentions Georg von Bunsen here. That is wrong, because it was his father Christian Carl Josias Freiherr von Bunsen
  9. ↑ Friedrich Froebel, who died in 1852, and Julia Salis Schwabe never met personally during their lifetime, as Manfred Berger writes.
  10. ↑ Quote: Von einer Frau , 1853, p. 341.
  11. ↑ The term “First Citizens' Kindergarten” was actually chosen as a name, not a description. This was followed by a "second citizen kindergarten", "third citizen kindergarten", etc. (Adalbert Weber: The history of elementary school education and the education of young children , with special consideration of the latter. J. Bacmeister, Eisenach, p. 308 (H. Hoffmann))
  12. ↑ Johanna Goldschmidt was Jenny Lind-Goldschmidt's mother-in-law, which means that she was related to Julie Salis-Schwabe.
  13. ↑ History of the School ( English ) Ibstock Place School. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Salis-Schwabe, Julie
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philanthropist of Jewish descent
DATE OF BIRTH January 31, 1819
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen
DATE OF DEATH May 20, 1896
Place of death Naples