Onion bulrush
Onion bulrush | ||||||||||||
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Illustration of onion bulrush ( Juncus bulbosus ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Juncus bulbosus | ||||||||||||
L. |
The onion rush ( Juncus bulbosus ) is a species of the genus rushes ( Juncus ) within the rush family (Juncaceae).
description
The onion rush grows as a hibernating green, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 20 centimeters. It forms short runners . The base of the stem axis is thickened like an onion. The usually arching ascending stem roots at the nodes (nodes) and is often reddish. The leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. The auricles of the leaf sheath are long and membranous. The leaves are often a bit runny and inside with several narrow longitudinal tubes.
The inflorescence of the rush family is a spiral . In the branched spiral , two to ten flowers are clustered together. The reddish green tepals are the same length and the outer ones are more pointed than the inner ones. The inner circle of stamens is absent or is greatly reduced, so there are often only three stamens. The anthers are as long as or longer than the stamens. The flowering period is June to August.
The ripe capsule fruit is spiky and significantly longer than the tepals.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.
ecology
The onion rush is a hydrophyte and hemicryptophyte . The growth form is very variable depending on the location. Submerged individuals are little like those whose location is never submerged for a long time. You can even flood in the water. Some specimens bloom as early as the first year and then remain small. Leaf-like deformities on the inflorescence are caused by the stings of the rush flea .
Occurrence
The onion rush occurs in Europe and there are individual occurrences in Central Asia, Northwest Africa and North America. It is common in almost all of Europe. The onion rush has a (Nordic) subatlantic distribution center. The onion bulrush is absent or rare in the southern Mediterranean, southeastern Europe. The eastern limit of distribution is approximately the 30th eastern longitude.
The onion rush thrives best in acidic and therefore lime-free or lime-free, often flooded sand, silt or peat soils . It grows in open places in flat moors, in the shoreline of heather lakes or in ditches in sandy areas with slow flow. Overall, it is rare in Central Europe, but mostly occurs in smaller stocks at its locations. It rises in the Alps to altitudes of around 1250 meters.
literature
- Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 8 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Commelinidae part 2, Arecidae, Liliidae part 2): Juncaceae to Orchidaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3359-8 .
- Onion bulrush. In: FloraWeb.de. (Sections Description and Ecology)
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 150 .
Web links
- Onion bulrush. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Onion bulrush . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Juncus bulbosus L., map for distribution in Switzerland In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Photos.