Royal enclaves

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Blue: The Kingdom of Denmark with enclaves. Green: Duchy of Schleswig.
With the land exchange after the German-Danish War in 1864, the majority of the royal enclaves came to Prussia

The royal or royal Danish enclaves (Danish: kongerigske enklaver ) were areas within the Duchy of Schleswig that were not assigned to the Duchy, but directly to the Kingdom of Denmark . As a Danish fief , the Duchy of Schleswig was also under the Danish king, but not directly. The term would therefore have to be translated correctly as enclaves of the kingdom , also to avoid confusion with the royal shares of the Duchy of Schleswig at the time of the division of states (1490 or 1544 to 1713/21).

The enclaves of the kingdom in West Schleswig included the city of Ripen with the nearest surrounding area, the Birk Ballum with the southern half of the island of Röm , the Loharde with the Troiburg estate and the Birk Mögeltondern , the Listland on Sylt , which legally belongs to the Birk Ballum, and the Birk Westerland Föhr including the island of Amrum . The boundaries of most of these districts were, however, inconsistent, as numerous courts within them belonged to the duchy, while on the other hand there was also free float in mostly ducal parishes.

The enclaves have their origins mainly in the possessions of the Ripen bishop , the cathedral chapter there and other Ripenian spiritual institutions. Since the Ripener prelates were part of the Danish imperial estates, their possessions south of Königsau were not counted as part of the Duchy of Schleswig, which was established there as an increasingly independent territory from around 1200. During the conflict over the duchy with the Counts of Holstein , Queen Margarethe I (1375-1412) bought further possessions. The Listland on Sylt and the Westerharde (Westerland-Föhr and Amrum) were the only parts of the North Frisian Uthlande to come to the kingdom, while the rest of the same finally became an integral part of the duchy.

Although these enclaves were within the duchy, they were subject to Danish law (Danske Lov) valid after 1683 and not, like Schleswig, to Jutian law . They were also administered by the Danish Chancellery , not the German Chancellery , which was responsible for the duchies. The enclaves belonged to the office of Ripen . However, most of it fell in 1661 to the general Hans Schack, who was elevated to liege count . Only the town of Ripen, the surrounding, albeit not rounded, property of Birks Riberhus, Gut Troiburg with its possessions and Westerland-Föhr with Amrum, which Schack sold in 1682, did not belong to Schack, who expanded the old bishop's castle in Mögeltondern into his residence . His possessions included the Birch Mögeltondern, Ballum (with List and Röm, although these had also been sold) and Lustrup. The latter combined widely dispersed free float, some of which had only been bought by Schack from former spiritual property. Lustrup itself was close to Ripen. It was not until 1807 that the feudal county lost its special administrative status, and the various districts were administered more and more uniformly.

When Denmark had to cede the Duchy of Schleswig to Prussia in 1864 , an exchange of land was made. Denmark renounced the enclaves (except Ripen) and was able to keep a larger area around Ribe (the Ripener Harde ), the northern part of the Tyrstrupharde with eight parishes south of Kolding and the island of Ærø . This created the first uniform border of the kingdom to the south. Nevertheless, until the introduction of the Civil Code in 1900, Danish law from 1683 was formally in force, while in Old Schleswig the Jutian law still formed the legal basis.

During the border vote in 1920 , there was still a Danish attitude in some of the municipalities that used to belong to the enclaves, in contrast to the predominantly German neighboring villages. In Mögeltondern, for example, more than 80% of the votes were Danish, while in Hoyer and Tondern there were German three-quarter majorities. Three small communities on Westerland Föhr were the only ones in the 2nd zone in which there was a Danish majority on March 14, 1920.

cards

  • Divided island of Foehr

  • Divided islands of Rømø and Sylt

literature

  • NH Jacobsen: De gamle kongerigske enclavers Oprindelse . In: Geografisk Tidsskrift . Bind 41, 1938 (Danish, online [PDF; accessed July 13, 2015]).