Kajetan Church
The Roman Catholic Kajetanerkirche is located on Kajetanerplatz, which is in the Kaiviertel, in the south of the old town of Salzburg . She is the hll. Consecrated to Maximilian (vom Pongau) and Kajetan , the patronage is celebrated on Maximilian's Day , October 12th .
It was built by Archbishop Max Gandolf Kuenburg and consecrated in 1700 by Johann Ernst Graf Thun as the monastery church of the Theatines , who had run a Theatine monastery there from 1685 to 1808 .
history
As a church, today's Kajetanerkirche with its attached hospital of the Barmherzigen Brüder is located next to the old city gates (the Inner Nonntalertor and the Erentrudistor during the 2nd city fortifications and the Kajetanertor after the third city fortifications). According to documents, there was a church dedicated to Saint Anne and a hospital on the site of today's church as early as 1150. The St. Magdalena Hospital of the St. Peter monastery was also located here (today Kajetan monastery ) and the Raplbad , where the doctor Bombastus Theophrastus von Hohenheim, known as Paracelsus, worked.
In 1684 Archbishop Max Gandolf von Kuenburg founded a seminary ( alumnate ) that was to be under the direction of the Theatine Order (also called Kajetaner after its founder ). From 1685 to 1697, under the direction of the Italian Giovanni Gaspare Zuccalli (Caspar Zugalli), the new church and the planned seminary were built on it. Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun , who ruled from 1687, was no friend of the “ Wälschen Barock ” and the Theatiners, which is why Zuccalli had to fight for a long time about the final accounts. The seminary has now been built on the side of the Trinity Church under new management. The alumnate was previously housed briefly in Gstättengasse.
The church
The two symmetrically arranged three-storey wing buildings of the former monastery enclose the church, which is flush with the building line and together form a representative unit. The side curved gable tops replace the two church towers here. The portal of the church is framed by Ionic columns with attached segmental arches, a motif that can be found enlarged as the framing of the church and kept slightly smaller than the framing of the side wing protals. The coat of arms of Prince Archbishop Max Gandolph Kuenburg can be found high above the church portal as a marble relief.
The central building is crowned by a high drum dome with two chapels integrated on the sides. Small decorative wall panels with false windows and galleries complete the church. The dome fresco was created by Paul Troger . It shows the acceptance of Saint Kajetan into heavenly glory by the Holy Trinity in the presence of Saint Mary and the representatives of the Old and New Covenants. The top lantern is adorned with an image of the Holy Spirit in the glory.
The altarpiece of the high altar shows the torture of St. Maximilian. It was created by Paul Troger, as was the altarpiece on the right side altar with Saint Kajetan as a comforter for those suffering from the plague and four canvas paintings above the confessionals, and the illusionistic baladachines above the side altars with their angel putti are by the same artist. The altarpiece on the left side altar comes from Johann Michael Rottmayr and represents the Holy Kinship in memory of the former Anna Church.
The stucco in the church with angel putti, fruit wreaths and palm branches, with horns of plenty, garlands and tendrils in turn represent a reference to Heavenly Glory and come from the brothers Francesco and Carlo Antonio Brenni , as well as from Antonio Carabelli and were completed during the completion of the church . The vestibule grille also dates from this time.
In the fields of the cross arms there are pictures from the life of saints of the Kajetan order. The oldest surviving organ in the city of Salzburg, built around 1700 by Christoph Egedacher, is built into the gallery parapet above the vestibule .
The two side chapels
The side chapels can be found on both sides in the vestibule of the church and have lancet vaults. The left chapel has an altarpiece by St. Andrew Avellinus , made by Jac (ob) Zanussy in 1712 . The altar in the right chapel was built in 1770. The altarpiece of the saint of the Brothers of Mercy, St. John of God , is a modern ingredient.
The Holy Stairs
A special feature is the Holy Staircase on the first and second floors next to the church, which was built here in imitation of the Roman Scala Santa in 1712. It consists of 28 steps, can only be climbed while kneeling and leads up to the cross altar with its large central wooden cross, which was created around 1750. Angel figures with the instruments of torture of Christ decorate the lower end of the staircase and get the pilgrims in the mood. In the Kreuzkapelle there is also a reliquary with the remains of the legendary catacomb martyr Vereinus. This staircase was once a famous and much-visited sanctuary and is of cultural and historical importance in memory of the various forms of baroque piety.
The monastery building
After Prince Archbishop Max Gandolph's deprivation of goodwill by his successor, only 12 religious priests lived in the monastery until 1809, in the wake of the turmoil of the Napoleonic Wars, the settlement of the Congregation of the Theatines was abolished. The building then served as a garrison hospital. In 1923 it was handed over to the Barmherzigen Brothers in continuation of the hospital work ( Hospital of the Barmherzigen Brüder Salzburg ) .
Literature and Sources
- Lieselotte v. Eltz-Hoffmann: The churches of Salzburg. Pustet, Salzburg 1993, ISBN 3-7025-0308-0 .
- Monikas Oberhammer: Pustets monastery guide. Pustet, Salzburg 1998, ISBN 3-7025-0374-9 .
- Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst Huber: Dehio Salzburg - City and Country. Schroll & Co, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2 .
Web links
Notes and individual references
- ↑ Staff numbers in the world and the Order of the clergy-Erzdiödie .zese Salzburg for the year 1957 ( Schematismus 1957), ed. from the Archbishop's Office in Salzburg 1957, p. 134.
- ↑ Antonio Carabelli . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 5 : Brewer-Carlingen . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1911, p. 562 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Celestino Trezzini: Antonio Carabelli ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz, p. 492; accessed on October 10, 2017.
Coordinates: 47 ° 47 ′ 50 ″ N , 13 ° 3 ′ 4 ″ E