Trinity Church (Salzburg)
The Roman Catholic Trinity Church in Salzburg is the largest church building from the time of the archbishopric in the old town on the right of the Salzach . It is considered the most important sacred building in the city on the right bank of the Salzach.
history
The church is designed as a central building and was built between 1694 and 1702. The principal of the church and the seminary was the donor Prince Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun . The contract was awarded in 1694, and the partially unfinished church was consecrated in 1699. The church, together with the St. Johannis Church (hospital church), which was built at the same time, is the first building by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach in Salzburg. Various sacred buildings in Rome served as models (especially Francesco Borromini's Church of Sant 'Agnese in Agone on Piazza Navona ). The generally discreet use of decorative elements, which are subordinate to the overall architectural work, is already striking. The entire structure gives a palatial impression.
In addition to Fischer von Erlach and Bernhard Michael Mandl u. a. the following sculptors and stonemasons worked with: Wolf Weißenkirchner the Younger, Mathias Wilhelm Weißenkirchner, Sebastian Stumpfegger , Andreas Götzinger and Lorenz Dräxl.
Building description
The outer
The construction of the Salzburg Trinity Church was not aimed at Hannibalplatz (today Makartplatz ), but on a back then narrow side street between the outer Bergstrasse (now Rainerstraße) and Linzer Gasse . The prince-archbishop's pawnshop directly opposite the church was only demolished in 1907. Today the central church building swings inwards with a small, slightly raised church forecourt in the street alignment of Dreifaltigkeitsgasse and forms a representative upper end of Makartplatz with the side wing buildings.
The originally low church spiers were raised later to make the church behind the pawnshop easier to see. The bell storeys were erected in 1757, the top tower dome attachments after the fire in the Neustadt in 1818. Increasing the towers did not improve the overall appearance of the church. The architectural center of the extensive complex with the two large wing structures of the seminary, which together with the central church form a uniformly composed facade, should rather represent the mighty central drum dome of the church.
Above the outer church portal there are four figures on double columns on the attic in front of the dome, three of which symbolize the theological virtues of faith, hope and love. The fourth figure represents divine wisdom. All four figures were designed by Bernhard Michael Mandl. Between the figures, that of Prince Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thuns combined with the Salzburg state coat of arms is attached as a double coat of arms.
The inner
The interior of the church is a longitudinally oval room with four short barrel-vaulted cross arms, which is vaulted by the large drum dome. The monumental effect of the interior results mainly from the simplicity of the building and the towering height of the dominant drum dome. The design is vaguely reminiscent of the interior of the Karlskirche in Vienna , which is Fischer von Erlach's second main sacred work alongside the Kollegienkirche .
The large dome fresco inside the church was designed by Johann Michael Rottmayr between 1697 and 1700. It was Rottmayr's first sacred dome fresco and depicts the coronation of Mary by the Holy Trinity with the assistance of the Archangel Michael and many other angels, prophets, the ten holy Popes, others Saints and the church patriarchs. The fresco summarizes the Christian history of salvation and the church in an impressive way. The figures are grouped on concentrically arranged banks of clouds. A dove of the Holy Spirit is depicted in the top lantern. The large dome fresco completes the impression of the baroque ecclesia triumphans , the triumphant church, in the sense of the baroque self-image of the church building.
The stucco work is by Andrea Sallari and Johann Baptist Redi . They are limited to the capitals in the main room. Acanthus representations made of stucco and stucco fields are located in the arched reveals of the cross arms . Cartridges are also attached there.
The high altar is made according to plans by Fischer von Erlach. It was created in 1700, revised in 1841 and returned to its original state in 1947 and has a three-dimensional group of the Trinity group with two adoring angels. The reliquary of St. Ernestus was designed in 1959 by Otto Prossinger .
Magnificent life-size angels on the two side altars were designed by Fischer von Erlach and designed by Bernhard Michael Mandl . The image of the grace of Mary on the right side altar dates from the 16th century. The baroque frame was executed by Sebastian Stumpfegger .
In the left cross arm there is a crypt of the Ruperti order with various grave inscriptions on marble tablets. The heart of Prince Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun also rests in this crypt in a sarcophagus designed by Fischer von Erlach.
The vestibule grille dates from the time the church was built. The coat of arms of Johann Ernst von Thun is artfully worked into the grille. The marble floor is patterned radially and leads to a central oval with an inscription plaque.
organ
The first organ of the Holy Trinity Church was built in 1699 in the workshop of the Salzburg court organ maker Egedacher . It has not been preserved.
Today's organ was built in 1997 by the Lower Austrian organ builder Gerhard Hradetzky . The abrasive loading -instrument with mechanical play and key action has 18 registers , the 2 manuals and pedals are distributed. The disposition of the instrument is as follows:
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
- Remarks
- ↑ Change loop to the Douce flute in the II. Manuel
- ↑ Change loop to the Douce flute in the I. Manuel
Seminary
The wing buildings on both sides of the church are three-story. The portals of these buildings show the coat of arms of the founder Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun. They originally served as a place of training and accommodation for middle-class and noble students and were also called Collegium Virgilianum .
The priest house building is arranged around two symmetrical courtyards. In the northern inner courtyard is the central fountain created by Josef Anton Pfaffinger with St. Peter and bronze animal heads in the outlet (1741).
The central, simple fountain in the southern courtyard dates from 1857. In the priest's house chapel there is a Madonna, which was created before 1450, and a crucifix from the 16th century.
The alumnate housed there ( seminary, priestly house ) was a seminar for the advanced training of educated clerics. At first this alumnate was in the Aschhof of the residence, then in 1591 the St. Magdalen Spital on the quay Grund was purchased for the seminar and taught there for the first time in 1616. In 1624 the alumnate moved to the Barmherzige Brüder-Hospital St. Maximilian in der Gstätten , and finally after the destruction of the alumnate by the landslide of 1699 there.
The high princely Collegium Virgilianum ( Virgilianum for short ) was an institution for six poor youths of pen-like nobility: one each from Styria, Bavaria, Carinthia, Tyrol, Bohemia and Austria. They wore their own uniform. The college had spacious study, bedroom, exercise, entertainment (play) rooms and living rooms. From 1775 on, other high-prince noble boys also lived there if they paid their board. The college was run by a director and had various instructors (teachers), including a dance master, a fencing master and two language masters.
The Collegium of the Siebenstädter took on a poor person to support each of the following seven cities: Salzburg, Hallein, Radstadt, Laufen and Tittmoning and Friesach. The foundation funds came from the cities mentioned. It was expected that most of the graduates would serve as prince archbishop out of gratitude. Convictors were also admitted to the actual colleges for a small fee.
Today the seminary of the Archdiocese of Salzburg is located there (main entrance on the right of the church, Dreifaltigkeitsgasse 12) with guest house (left of the church, Dreifaltigkeitsgasse 14), Rupertus bookstore (on the corner) and Johanneskeller.
Web links
literature
- Preservation of monuments and cultural-historical research. Edited by the Federal Monuments Office - State Conservatory for Salzburg on the occasion of the State Conservators' Conference Salzburg 2004, Salzburg 2004.
- Lieselotte von Eltz-Hoffmann: The churches of Salzburg. Pustet, Salzburg 1993, ISBN 3-7025-0308-0 .
- Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst Huber: Dehio Salzburg - City and Country. Schroll & Co, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2 .
- Johannes Neuhardt : Trinity Church and Priest's House in Salzburg (Austria's Christian Art Centers, issue 12). 4th, modified edition, Salzburg 1998
- Dreifaltigkeitskirche on the website salzburg.info
- Trinity Church . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Note: The Kollegienkirche on Universitätsplatz, on the other hand, swings architecturally into the square.
- ^ Gerhard Walterskirchen : The organ as a room ornament - observations on baroque organ prospects in Salzburg . In: Baroque reports . tape 31 , p. 62 ( online [PDF]).
- ^ Salzburg, Dreifaltigkeitskirche. In: Organ index, the free organ database. February 26, 2018, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ^ Seminary Archdiocese of Salzburg . In: Salzburger Nachrichten: Salzburgwiki .
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↑ Half of the seminary becomes a hotel , sbg.orf.at, May 24, 2010.
Guest house in the seminary . In: Salzburger Nachrichten: Salzburgwiki . - ^ Rupertus bookstore , website.
Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 11 ″ N , 13 ° 2 ′ 41 ″ E