Calendar date

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The calendar date , usually short date ( plural today data , earlier often data ), is the designation of a day in the respective calendar year in the context of a calendar . The beginning and end of such a day depend on the time zone to which the information relates.

Forms of the calendar date

While the verbal specification of a calendar date depends on the respective language, the written form is partially standardized. In Germany and Austria, the spelling of the date follows either traditional formats or the international standard ISO 8601 or its European and national representatives ( EN ISO 8601 (formerly EN 28601: 1992 ) in Europe, DIN ISO 8601 (formerly DIN EN 28601) and DIN 5008 in Germany, ÖNORM A 1080 and ÖNORM ISO 8601 (formerly ÖNORM EN 28601 ) in Austria).

The following date formats are traditionally used:

  • dd.mm.yyyy , without leading zeros . Examples: July 23, 1926. 1.1.2001
  • DD.MM.YYYY , with leading zeros. Examples: 03/14/1939. 02/01/2011
  • DD.MM.YY , with leading zeros. Examples: 02.10.10. 02/01/07
  • dd.mm.yy , day and month without a leading zero, single-digit years are avoided. Examples: 1.1.01. 10/2/09

Furthermore, the spelling "day" / "month" is common in internal notes on draft letters, especially in the public service (example: "13/7" for "July 13"). This marks the day of the drawing .

In the typography is usually between the day and the month in the date formats DD.MM.YYYY and DD.MM.YY narrow spaces and years before a normal word space set.

In the international standard ISO 8601, the date format is specified in the form YYYY-MM-DD (up to the 2004 revision also YY-MM-DD ) in order to avoid misunderstandings and to harmonize the different international dates . Although the ISO 8601 standard was integrated into the European standard EN 28601: 1992 (today DIN ISO 8601) and this in turn was incorporated into the German standard DIN 5008 and the Austrian standard ÖNORM EN 28601 (today ÖNORM ISO 8601), the new notation is YYYY -MM-TT is only slowly entering the German-speaking area. In Germany, DIN 5008 has therefore allowed the old format DD.MM. [YY] YY to be used again since 2001 as an alternative to the date format YYYY-MM-DD, but only in areas where misunderstandings can be ruled out. In addition, two-digit year information may only be used if the interpretation of the century is clear. The version of DIN 5008 published in 2020 allows the date in the format DD.MM.YYYY only for letters to domestic recipients and only with a four-digit year.

The guidelines for the typesetting of the European Publications Office determine the date notation in German-language publications to the format dd.mm.yyyy without leading zeros, spaces are not used.

Alphanumeric dates, such as details with full names of the months, are not the subject of ISO 8601. Such dates are still regulated in national standards, for example in DIN 5008. The alphanumeric notation recommended there is January 7, 2003 . The spelling for January 7, 2003 in Austria is January 7, 2003 .

Origin of the word date

The name is derived from the Latin participle perfect passive date (given) of the verb dare (to give), which is found in many Latin scripts and letters as the final formulation, e.g. B. "datum die nativitatis S. Ioannis A. D. MCCCL" ( "Given on the day of the birth of John the Baptist in the year of the Lord 1350" ).

In the Middle Ages, every day of the year had a name and the year were in relative named reference to a big event (eg. B. At St. John, three years after the Groten Mandränke ). This means that there are no uniform dates before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar .

Validity

The calendar date plays a crucial role in everyday life. Apart from banal questions, the calendar date is so crucial in laws, legal transactions and court orders that the legislature has created interpretative provisions in § § 186 ff. BGB . According to this, it is determined when a period begins ( § 187 BGB) and when it ends ( § 188 BGB). It also defines how time periods are to be calculated ( § 191 BGB) and what is to be understood by the beginning or end of a month ( § 192 BGB). If calendar dates and deadlines are taken into account in contracts, the legal effects provided for in the contract begin or end .

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Date  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Plural of date. In: Society for the German Language . Retrieved June 12, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Pierer's Universal Lexicon of the Past and Present . 4th edition. Publishing house by HA Pierer , Altenburg 1865 ( zeno.org [accessed June 12, 2019] lexicon entry "Data").
  3. ↑ Guidelines for typesetting. ( PDF ) Springer Verlag , archived from the original on December 14, 2011 ; Retrieved December 14, 2011 .
  4. ↑ a b Henke, Karl Wilhelm: New standard DIN 5008 adopted. ( PDF ) In: Archives for shorthand, word processing, office technology. Research and training center for shorthand and word processing in Bayreuth EV, 2001, archived from the original on December 14, 2011 ; Retrieved December 14, 2011 .
  5. ↑ a b DIN 5008 : 2020-03, Section 11.4 "Date information"
  6. ↑ Guidelines for typesetting. In: Institutional Rules for Publications. Publications Office of the European Union , May 20, 2011, archived from the original on December 14, 2011 ; Retrieved December 14, 2011 .