Kanefer (Head of Orders)

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Kanefer in hieroglyphics
Proper name
k G1 nfr

Ka-nefer
K3-nfr
My Ka is good
1st title
G17 D21
F13 		Y1
Y1
Y1

Imi-ra-uput
Jmj-r3-wpwt
Head of Orders
2nd title
S42 U2
X1 		V36

Cherep-tematiu
Ḫrp-tm3t (jw)
head of the arch troops
Kanefer-Reisner-records-1905.jpg
Replacement head of the Kanefer; Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley (Hearst 6-19767)

Kanefer was a high official during the ancient Egyptian 4th Dynasty . He was the " chief of orders " and "chief of the arch troops". His grave (G 1203) is located in the so-called Westfriedhof , the largest burial ground on the pyramid plateau of Giza . It is dated to the first decade of the reign of the king ( pharaoh ) Cheops .

Grave and grave equipment

Drawing of a section of the so-called grave slab with an offering table scene after Peter Der Manuelian (ed.): Slab Stelae of the Giza Necropolis. P. 5

Kanefer's mastaba G 1203 (24.0 m × 10.6 m), built from large limestone blocks, was excavated in 1904 by the Hearst Expedition from the University of California, led by George Andrew Reisner . At the south-east corner of the bare mastaba, a chapel made of mud bricks (6.85 m × 4.85 m), consisting of four rooms, was added in several construction phases. Originally, a so-called grave slab with an offering table scene (height 38 cm; width 52.9 cm; depth 7.3 cm) made of limestone with the name and official title of the owner of the grave was inserted at this point. The grave slab, consisting of 10 large and several smaller fragments, is now in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley (inventory number Hearst 6-19807). Below the mastaba, a 5.45 m deep shaft led into a clad coffin chamber (2.87 m × 5.0 m × 3.7 m). Among other things, Reisner found a very finely crafted replacement head in the coffin chamber, possibly representing the owner of the grave. It is now also in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology (inventory number Hearst 6-19767).

In the Louvre there is a double statue of a Kanefer and an Iynefret (Paris E 6854 and A 120). The statue bears the same official title as the grave slab mentioned above. Their origin is not known. The assignment to the grave owner of G 1203 by Christiane Ziegler (former head of the Egyptian department of the Louvre) is controversial. Catherine H. Roehrig from the Metropolitan Museum of Art put forward the thesis that the statue originally stood in the chapel of G 1203. It may have been later in the serdab of grave G 2150 (late 4th or early 5th dynasty). The owner of this grave was another official named Kanefer, perhaps a son or grandson of Kanefer from grave G 1203, who possibly took the statue into his grave in order to ensure the continuation of the sacrificial cult. Peter Der Manuelian , on the other hand, pointed out that although the two official titles on the grave slab were also on the statue, the latter was given additional titles. If Iynefret is the wife of Kanefer, an extension to the Mastaba G 1203 or a second grave shaft would be expected. There is no evidence of a second burial there.

literature

Web links

Commons : Kanefer  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bertha Porter, Rosalind LB Moss, Ethel W. Burney: Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings. Volume III, part 1. 1974, p. 57.
  2. ↑ Hermann Ranke : The Egyptian personal names. Volume 1: Directory of Names. Augustin, Glückstadt 1935, p. 340, No. 10 ( PDF file; 24.2 MB ); Retrieved from Digital Giza on July 16, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b Peter Der Manuelian (Ed.): Slab Stelae of the Giza Necropolis. 2003, p. 42.
  4. ^ Rainer Hannig: The language of the pharaohs. Volume 1: Large concise dictionary Egyptian - German (2800–950 BC). 3rd edition, von Zabern, Mainz 2001, ISBN 3-8053-1771-9 , p. 54.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Helck : The dating of the princess Wnš.t. In: Catherine Berger, Gisèle Clerc, Nicolas Grimal (eds.): Hommage à Jean Leclant. Volume 1: Études Pharaoniques. Institut français d'archéologie orientale , Cairo 1994, ISBN 2-7247-0137-2 , p. 221 ( PDF file; 2.42 MB ); Retrieved from Digital Giza on July 16, 2017.
  6. ↑ Peter Der Manuelian (Ed.): Slab Stelae of the Giza Necropolis. 2003, p. 44.
  7. ↑ Peter Jánosi : Giza in the 4th Dynasty. The building history and occupancy of a necropolis in the Old Kingdom. Volume 1: The mastabas of the core cemeteries and the rock graves. Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7001-3244-1 , p. 449, table G1 ( PDF file; 8.8 MB ); Retrieved from Digital Giza on July 16, 2017.
  8. ↑ George Andrew Reisner: The Work of the Hearst Egyptian Expedition of the University of California in 1903-04. In: G. Frederick Wright: Records of the Past. Volume IV, Part V, May 1905, pp. 136-141 ( PDF file; 3.46 MB ); Retrieved from Digital Giza on July 16, 2017.
  9. ↑ Peter Jánosi: Giza in the 4th Dynasty. 2005, p. 156.
  10. ↑ Peter Der Manuelian (Ed.): Slab Stelae of the Giza Necropolis. P. 42 ff.
  11. ↑ Peter Jánosi: Giza in the 4th Dynasty. 2005, p. 451, table H1.
  12. ^ A b Catherine H. Roehrig: 46. ​​Reserve Head. In: John P. O'Neill (Ed.): Egyptian Art in the Age of Pyramids. Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York 1999, ISBN 0-8109-6543-7 , pp. 235 f. (Exhibition catalog, full text in the Google book search; accessed on July 16, 2017).
  13. ↑ Louvre: Le diplomate Kanefer et sa femme ; Retrieved from Louvre: Atlas on October 26, 2017.
  14. ↑ Peter Jánosi: Giza in the 4th Dynasty. 2005, p. 122.
  15. ↑ Peter Der Manuelian (Ed.): Slab Stelae of the Giza Necropolis. 2003, p. 43.
personal data
SURNAME Kanefer
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ancient Egyptian civil servant, head of orders and head of the arch troops
DATE OF BIRTH 27th century BC BC or 26th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 27th century BC BC or 26th century BC Chr.