Miseno
| Miseno | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Lago di Miseno, Ort and Capo di Miseno | |||
| Country | Italy | ||
| region | Campania | ||
| Metropolitan city | Naples (NA) | ||
| local community | Bacoli | ||
| Coordinates | 40 ° 47 ' N , 14 ° 5' E | ||
| Telephone code | 081 | CAP | 80070 |
Miseno (Latin Misenum ) is a place on the Capo di Miseno named after him, the end of the Phlegraean Peninsula on the Gulf of Naples . It is part of the municipality of Bacoli . It is separated from the main town by Lake Miseno . The landscape with hills and crater lakes was created by the volcanic activity of the Phlegraean Fields .
history
According to ancient tradition, the name Misenum was derived from Misenos , a companion of Aeneas (according to a tradition of Odysseus ), who died and was buried here.
On the eastern edge of the peninsula, which closes the Gulf of Naples in the northwest, a bay offers a sheltered harbor. It initially belonged to Cumae and became 214 BC. Devastated by Hannibal . In 39 BC There came the Treaty of Misenum between the triumvirs (Octavian, later Augustus , Mark Antony and Mark Aemilius Lepidus ) and Sextus Pompeius . The subject of the contract, which was only valid for a short time, was that Pompey was assured of Sardinia , Corsica , Sicily and the Peloponnese as a base of power, but in return no longer endangering Rome's grain supply .
In the 1930s BC BC Octavian had Agrippa expand the port and made it the main base for the fight against Antony and Cleopatra . During the imperial era, the classis praetoria Misenensis , the strongest of the Roman navies, was stationed there . Its most famous commander was Pliny the Elder , who died in 79 AD when Mount Vesuvius erupted . His nephew Pliny the Younger was also in Misenum with his mother at the time of the disaster. A detailed account of the event is preserved in his two famous letters to the historian Tacitus .
In the vicinity of the naval base was a place that was elevated to Colonia under Augustus .
Numerous villas of wealthy Romans have sprung up on the peninsula since the late republic . The Antonier and Cornelia , the mother of the Gracches, had properties there. Emperor Tiberius died in 37 AD in a villa that had previously belonged to Marius and Lucullus .
The remains of the ancient complex were finally destroyed in an attack by the Saracens in 915. The diocese established in Misenum lives on as the titular diocese of the Roman Catholic Church.
tourism
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Miseno is now very popular, especially in the summer months because of its beach.
The most important attraction of Miseno is the Piscina mirabilis , an approx. 70 × 30 m large water reservoir that was built to supply the fleet.
literature
- Gerhard Radke : Misenum. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 3, Stuttgart 1969, column 1347 f.
- Raymond Victor Schoder: Misenum Campania, Italy . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
Web links
- Article of the DWhG (German)