Capuchin monastery Neuenburg on the Rhine
| Capuchin monastery Neuenburg on the Rhine | |||
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| medal | Capuchin | ||
| founding year | 1612 | ||
| Cancellation / year | 1675 | ||
| Start-up | new order | ||
| Patronage | Assumption Day | ||
| location | |||
| country | Germany | ||
| region | Baden-Württemberg | ||
| place | Neuchâtel on the Rhine | ||
| Geographical location | 47 ° 49 ' N , 7 ° 34' E | ||
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| Situation in Germany | |||
The Kapuzinerkloster Neuenburg is an abandoned monastery of the Capuchin order in the city of Neuenburg am Rhein in Germany . The foundation stone was laid in 1612. The monastery was burned down and razed in 1675.
history
founding
The University of Freiburg opposed further expansion of the Capuchin monastery founded there in 1599 . Therefore, the city council of Freiburg im Breisgau set up a branch in Neuenburg am Rhein in 1612. The project was supported by Provincial Father Alexander Bugglin of the Swiss Capuchin Province, which was also responsible for Upper Austria at the time . He was interested in a station between the founding of the monastery in Rheinfelden and Freiburg . The permits of the Capuchin-friendly and counter-Reformation-minded sovereign Maximilian the Deutschmeister and the curia from Rome could be obtained without any problems. Neuchâtel branch were the premises of 1527 during the Reformation repealed Franciscan assigned.
On July 2, 1615, the lay church was consecrated by the auxiliary bishop of Konstanz, Jakob Johann Mirgel (officiating 1597–1619). The church bore the patronage of St. Anthony .
Important events
In 1612 the building of the monastery was established jointly by the city of Friborg and the Swiss Capuchin Province. Three years later, the former was Barfüßerkirche as a church of the new Capuchin monastery by the Bishop of Constance Jakob Johann Mirgel consecrated . In 1633, the monastery suffered severe damage when Neuchâtel was bombarded by the Swedes under the Rhine Count Otto Ludwig von Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen . The plague raged until the following year. In 1634 the city was taken again by the Swedes under the Rhine Count Otto Ludwig von Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen, who spared the city on the kneeling and request of the Capuchin Fr. Friedrich. In 1638 Bernhard von Weimar set up his headquarters in the Capuchin monastery, where he died a year later. The plague broke out again, killing 400 within two days.
In 1644, after the relief of Freiburg, the Capuchin monastery became a military hospital for the defeated Swedish-French Army on the Rhine.
In 1657 the Capuchins built a pilgrimage to the Holy Cross Chapel, one kilometer south of Neuchâtel; in the same year the Capuchins founded the Neuchâtel Holy Cross Brotherhood. In 1668 the 27 Upper Austrian monasteries split off on April 16 at the provincial chapter of the Swiss Capuchin Province in Wyl and founded the Upper Austrian Capuchin Province . In 1675 the Marquis Sébastien took Le Prestre de Vauban in a surprise attack on the night of March 11th to 12th. The Capuchin monastery was burned down and razed on April 9th because of its strategic location on the Rhine.
Tasks and activities of the monastery
The Capuchins temporarily helped out within the Neuchâtel dean's office. They took over pastoral care in St. Cyriac in Sulzburg . From 1670 onwards, after the compulsory parish was abolished, confession was accepted. As a result, the Upper Austrian Capuchin monasteries reported that up to 800,000 confessions were taken each year. The pastoral care of the sick and dying was, according to the custom of the time, almost exclusively entrusted to the Capuchins. Capuchins took special care of inmates and convicts in prisons and accompanied those condemned to death on their last walk.
Another focus was the mission, which extended into the reformed margraviate of Baden .
The Capuchin Order did a great job in caring for the plague sufferers in the epidemics of the 16th and early 17th centuries. Pastoral care and nursing became part of one another. The monastery was particularly involved in the outbreaks of the plague in 1633 to 1634 and 1639. Fathers Vitalis Sättelin of Constance and Father Juvenalis of Ensisheim and brother Homobonus of Jestetten died in October and November 1633 while providing pastoral care and care for the sick . In 1634 Father Friedrich Übelacker von Wollmatingen , who had appeased the Rhine Count the year before, died while caring for the plague. In the severe outbreak of the plague of 1639, which claimed 400 victims within 2 days, none of the Capuchins died.
The monastery in wartime
Due to the exposed location of Neuchâtel on the Rhine, the city and the monastery were repeatedly involved in the fighting from the Swedish-French War to the Dutch War . In times of war the monastery served as headquarters, barracks and hospital.
The Capuchin Monastery in Neuchâtel acquired outstanding importance as the headquarters of the Weimar-Swedish-French army and the place where Bernhard von Weimar died, who was laid out in the refectory there after his death .
During the Dutch War, too, Neuchâtel was of great strategic importance due to its ability to block the connections between the French locations of Hüningen and Breisach. Generalissimo Vauban seized the city on the night of March 10th to 11th, 1632 and abandoned it to pillage and pillage the following day. Only the Capuchin monastery received a security guard at the request of the Guardian and became a refuge for the citizens. Despite the past use by all parties, the monastery with the city was razed on April 9, 1675 by personal order of Louis XIV . According to other sources, the presbytery survived. The Capuchins, two clerics, three priests and one brother who had stayed there received free withdrawal after the monastery was infected with their cross and were initially accommodated in Schliengen . Based on the experiences of the war years, the successor monastery was built in Staufen im Breisgau .
Equipment of the monastery
The artistically significant furnishings of the Capuchin Monastery in Neuchâtel are unfortunately largely lost or destroyed. The Capuchins had taken over the Franciscan or Barefoot Monastery with the Barefoot Church in Neuchâtel, which was abolished in 1527. At least the high altar with altar leaves by the young Martin Schongauer had survived the Reformation and was still used by the Capuchins. It can be assumed that the panel paintings were brought to the Black Forest for their safety in the run-up to the Dutch War and then used in the successor monastery in Staufen. In 1880 a double-sided painted altar sheet of the Neuchâtel Schongauer altar was found in a granary of a house in Staufen. After the separation, both paintings ended up in private collections on the art market.
location
The monastery grounds were within the city walls in the north of the city between the Nieder- and Mühltor gates. Today only the street name Kapuzinergasse reminds of the monastery grounds.
Later use
Only part of the cellar on which the Catholic rectory was built remained.
Outstanding members of the Capuchin monastery in Neuchâtel
- Ignatius Eggs (1618–1702), author, Palestinian traveler, Guardian in Neuchâtel from 1664 to 1668
literature
- Romualdus Stockacensis: Conventus Stauffense . In: Historia provinciae anterioris Austriae fratrum minorum capucinorum . Andreas Stadler, Kempten 1747, p. 191 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- Vigilius Greiderer: Conventus Staufensis . In: Chronica ref. provinciae S. Leopoldi Tyrolensis ex opere Germania Franciscana . Liber I. Typis Joannis Thomae nobilis de Trattnern, Vienna 1781, p. 403 ( archive.org ).
- Johannes Baptista Baur: Contributions to the Chronicle of the Upper Austrian Capuchin Province . In: Freiburg Diöcesan Archive . tape 17 . Herder'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Vienna 1885, p. 245–289 ( uni-freiburg.de [PDF]).
- Johannes Baptista Baur: Contributions to the Chronicle of the Upper Austrian Capuchin Province . In: Freiburg Diöcesan Archive . tape 18 . Herder'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Vienna 1886, p. 153 ff . ( uni-freiburg.de [PDF]).
- Lexicon Capuccinum: promptuarium historico-bibliographicum Ordinis Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum; (1525-1950) . Bibl. Collegii Internat. S. Laurentii Brundusini, Rome 1951, p. XLVII S., 1868 Sp .: Ill .
- Beda Mayer OFMCap .: Capuchin monastery Neuchâtel, In: The Capuchin monasteries in front of Austria . In: Helvetia Franciscana . 12, 9th issue. St. Fidelis-Buchdruckerei, Lucerne 1977, p. 271-278 .
- Winfried Studer: The odyssey of a masterpiece by Martin Schongauer . In: Historic shop window Neuchâtel . Sutton GmbH, Lucerne 2013, p. 41–44 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. Beda Mayer: Kapuzinerkloster Neuenburg. In: Helvetia Franciscana, Volume 12, Issue 9, 1977, pp. 271ff.
- ↑ See Peter Blickle: Das Alte Europa: from the High Middle Ages to the Modern, HC Beck, Munich, 2008, p. 116
- ↑ Benda Mayer: Helvetia Franciscana , Volume 12, Issue 6, 1977, p. 149.
- ↑ Beda Mayer: Kapuzinerkloster Neuenburg, in: Helvetia Franciscana, Volume 12, Issue 9, 1977, p. 272f.
- ^ Beda Mayer: Kapuzinerkloster Neuenburg, in: Helvetia Franciscana, Volume 12, Issue 9, 1977, p. 274.
- ↑ See Winfried Studer: Odyssey about a masterpiece by Martin Schongauer, in: Historisches Schaufenster - Neuenburg am Rhein, Sutton Verlag GmbH, 2013, p. 12.