Karl Eskuchen

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Karl August Eskuchen (born September 10, 1885 in Altenhundem ; † December 28, 1955 in Hamburg ) was a German internist , neurologist and author .

Life

Eskuchen's parents were the hut director Theodor Eskuchen and his wife Mathilde (née Kahler). He is a direct descendant of Wigand Kahler . He grew up in Georgsmarienhütte at Montbrillant Castle .

Eskuchen practiced as an internist and neurologist in Munich and Zwickau . He had been married to Paula (1880–1965, née Siemsen and sister of Anna , August , Karl and Hans Siemsen ) since December 30, 1911 .

In 1923 he became head of the internal department of the Zwickau Sickness Center , and in 1926 medical director of the entire clinic. He was involved as a board member in the " German League for Human Rights ", in which people were active who saw themselves obliged to work for the ideas of humanity, peace and unenjoyed Jewry, such as the general director of the Zwickau department store group , who was his friend Schocken Georg Manasse and his wife Paula and their siblings Anna and August Siemsen, who came from a Westphalian pastor's family. Eskuchen also had a long and deep friendship with the poet Joachim Ringelnatz . Ringelnatz wrote his poem Heimatlose when he was a guest of Karl Eskuchen's brother Ernst Eskuchen in his house in Hamburg.

In 1933, because of his political commitment, he was dismissed from the management function of the Zwickau hospital, which was named after the surgeon Heinrich Braun in 1934 , the medical director of the hospital before Eskuchen took office: After 1921 and before his departure in 1928, some sterilizations that were illegal at the time were under Braun's responsibility " Insane "was carried out, which had already triggered nationwide discussions about a so-called" Lex Zwickau "before it came under National Socialist rule to the legalization of the sterilization of " weak-minded ", or the" prevention of unworthy life through operational measures ".

In his scientific publications, Eskuchen addressed a broader readership in easily understandable language; For example, in his paper from 1919 on the "Technique of Lumbar Puncture", it should be a "guide for doctors with a comprehensive description of the examination of the spinal fluid using various techniques and a discussion of its therapeutic application", at the same time it should be used as a textbook " also a handout for the inexperienced ”.

When Heinrich Mann drew a satirical picture of medicine and especially psychiatry in his novel Die Armen , published in 1917 as a continuation of his successful book “ Der Untertan ” , according to which doctors faithfully subordinated themselves to the German subservient spirit as willing tools of the prevailing social order, this turned violent psychiatric ones Reactions were triggered in the specialist circles concerned, for example "Insane remarks" in the "Journal for the entire Neurology and Psychiatry" full of reproaches to the novelist, who in his "literarily inferior book" is complicit in crimes, he "vilified doctors" and their "organization depicted as rotten". Karl Eskuchen was the only one who had made an open defense of the writer, which in turn earned him bitter reproaches, including the allegation that he, Karl Eskuchen, was probably the one colleague who was “initiated in advance”, to whom Heinrich Mann “did the whole job of the book ”and who then even found“ that the doctors even got away with the book quite well ”. In the same journal, a psychiatrist from the German Research Institute for Psychiatry ( Kaiser Wilhelm Institute ), founded by Emil Kraepelin, who is known as völkisch, explained his findings that 66 people had been brought before him in his capacity as an institution doctor, of whom he was 15 and under found the "revolutionary leaders" of the Munich Soviet Republic intended for trial or liquidation to be "inferior".

After the end of the Second World War, Karl Eskuchen was appointed the first German Federal Minister of Health. He had to resign from this office after a few months due to a health problem caused by a serious injury during the First World War.

Publications

  • 1911/1912: About unilateral facial hallucinations and unilateral visual disturbances.
  • 1914: The fifth reaction (Gold reaction).
  • 1918: The colloid reactions of the cerebrospinal fluid.
  • 1918: Walter Brasch † (In: Munich Medical Weekly )
  • 1919: the lumbar puncture; Lumbar puncture technique, general and special diagnostics of the cerebrospinal fluid, therapeutic application of lumbar puncture.
  • 1919: Reply to the work by W. Mayer: "Comments by a psychiatrist on the attacks on psychiatry in recent literature"
  • 1919: Comment on the "Open Letter" etc. by H. Haymann (vol. 46, p. 164 of this journal)
  • 1919: On the question of subarachnoid haemorrhagia.
  • 1920: The expansion of vaccine therapy for hay fever: retrospectives and outlooks.
  • 1921: La punción lumbar; técnica de la punción lumbar, semiotécnia del líquido céfalorraquídeo, el líquido céfalorraquídeo en las distintas enfermedades, aplicaciones terapéuticas de la punción lumbar. - (Spanish translation of the 1919 script).
  • 1922: The cerebrospinal fluid in encephalitis epidemica.
  • 1922: Bériel's orbital puncture along with comparative examinations between lumbar and orbital liquor.
  • 1923: The puncture of the cisterna cerebello-medullaris .
  • 1923: The desensitizing treatment of pollen hypersensitivity ("hay fever").
  • 1923: The mastic reaction: standard technology and diagnostic performance.
  • 1924–1925: The diagnosis of spinal subarachnoid block.
  • 1926: The Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma, Particularly Its Relationship to Anaphylaxis.
  • 1929: The cistern puncture.
  • 1933: Malpractice. Medical law. Kurpfuscherei (In: German magazine for all forensic medicine )

literature

  • Hermann Haymann, open letter to Dr. Karl Eskuchen in Munich-Schwabing. (In the matter of his "Reply to the work of W. Mayer: Remarks of a psychiatrist on the attacks on psychiatry in recent literature") ; in: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry , 46 (1919), pp. 164-172.
  • F.-M. Loebe: Karl Eskuchen, an almost forgotten pioneer of liquor research. In: "Psychiatrie, Neurology, and Medical Psychology", 35, 1983, pp. 561-65.
  • Alfred Diemant: On the Chronicle of the Jews in Zwickau. The memory of a small Jewish community in Saxony. (1971)
  • Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach, An “Antipsychiatric Movement” at the turn of the century ; in: Movements critical of medicine in the German Reich (approx. 1870 - approx. 1933) , ed. by Martin Dinges; Medicine, Society and History / Supplement 9 (1996), p. 127 ff.
  • Jürgen Nitsche: Georg Manasse. Shocking General Manager. Entrepreneur - Social Democrat - Pacifist. (2013)
  • Christine Mayer: Siemsen, Anna Marie Emma Henni, married Vollenweider. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 24 (2010), pp. 381–383 ( online at deutsche-biographie.de , last viewed: November 21, 2013).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinrich Braun: The artificial sterilization of the feeble-minded. In: Zentralblatt für Chirurgie Nr. 51, 1924, pp. 104-106.
  2. ^ Gustav Boeters: Lex Zwickau. Draft for a law for the German Reichstag on the "prevention of unworthy living through operative measures" in the version of October 18, 1925. In: Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft 13, No. 4 (1926/1927), pp. 139–149.
  3. ↑ Robert Detzel: The law for the prevention of hereditary offspring from July 14, 1933. Its history. (1982)
  4. ↑ Gisela Bock : Sterilization Policy in National Socialism. Planning a healthy society through prevention. In: Klaus Dörner (ed.): Progress in psychiatry in dealing with people. Value and recovery in the 20th century. (1985), pp. 88-104.
  5. ^ Astrid Ley: Forced Sterilation and Doctors. Background and goals of medical practice 1934–1945. (2004).
  6. ↑ A. Scheulen: On the legal situation and legal development of the Hereditary Health Act 1934. (2005)
  7. ↑ See the sources given under literature and web links ; for example F.-M. Loebe: Karl Eskuchen, an almost forgotten pioneer of liquor research. In: Psychiatrie, Neurologie, and medical psychology 35, 1983, pp. 561-65.
  8. ^ Heinrich Mann, The poor. The proletarian novel (1917).
  9. ↑ See Hermann Haymann, Remarks on the Insane Medicine of Heinrich Mann's new book ; in: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry , 39 (1918), pp. 225-228.
  10. ↑ See Wilhelm Mayer, Comments by a Psychiatrist on Attacks on Psychiatry in Newer Literature ; in: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry , 44 (1919), pp. 106-109.
  11. ↑ See Hermann Haymann, Open Letter to Dr. Karl Eskuchen in Munich-Schwabing. (In the matter of his "Reply to the work of W. Mayer: Remarks of a psychiatrist on the attacks on psychiatry in recent literature") ; in: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry , 46 (1919), pp. 164-172.
  12. ^ Karl Eskuchen, comment on the "Open Letter" etc. by H. Haymann (vol. 46, p. 164 of this journal) ; in: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry (1919).
  13. ↑ Cf. Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach, An "antipsychiatric movement" around the turn of the century ; in: Movements critical of medicine in the German Reich (approx. 1870 - approx. 1933) , ed. by Martin Dinges; Medicine, Society and History / Supplement 9 (1996), p. 155 / note 76.
  14. ↑ See Hermann Haymann, Open Letter to Dr. Karl Eskuchen in Munich-Schwabing. (In the matter of his "Reply to the work of W. Mayer: Remarks of a psychiatrist on the attacks on psychiatry in recent literature") ; in: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry , 46 (1919), p. 167.
  15. ↑ See Kurt Kolle, Große Nervenärzte (1956/1970)
  16. ↑ See also Emil Kraepelin, On the Degenerate Question (1908) and the same, Sexual aberrations and population increase (1918)
  17. ↑ Cf. Eugen Kahn, Psychopathen als Revolutionführer ; in: Journal for the entire Neurology and Psychiatry , Vol. 52 (1919), pp. 90-106. As well as other, psychopathy and revolution ; in: Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, No. 34, August 22, 1919
  18. ↑ On "this journal" see Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry (1919).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Eskuchen, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Eskuchen, Karl August (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German internist, neurologist and author
DATE OF BIRTH September 10, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Altenhundem
DATE OF DEATH December 28, 1955
Place of death Hamburg