Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry

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Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry
Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry
West wing on Kraepelinstrasse
Category: research Institute
Carrier: Max Planck Society
Legal form of the carrier: Registered association
Seat of the wearer: Munich
Facility location: Munich - Schwabing
Type of research: Basic research
Subjects: Natural sciences
Areas of expertise: Psychiatry , life sciences
Basic funding: Federal government (50%), states (50%)
Management: Elisabeth Binder (managing director)
Homepage: www.psych.mpg.de

The Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (German Research Institute for Psychiatry) is a non-university research institution sponsored by the Max Planck Society and is based in Munich - Schwabing . The institute primarily conducts basic research in the field of natural sciences in the field of psychiatry and neurobiology . It also has a clinic with around 120 beds in Schwabing.

history

On February 13, 1917 was by King Ludwig III. Bavaria established the foundation “German Research Institute for Psychiatry” from which today's Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry emerged.

The foundation went back to the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), who hired 1,912 considerations in the clinical psychiatry through close organizational and personnel associated with the neuropathology , the neurophysiology , the serology , the genetics and experimental psychology to a modern, scientifically oriented discipline of medicine.

The first endowment capital for the institute of 500,000 Reichsmarks came in 1917 from James Loeb , an American banker of German-Jewish descent. Loeb gave Kraepelin two buildings free of charge, first the Bavariaring 46 building ( Maria-Theresia-Klinik ). By 1930 he had the building in today's Kraepelinstrasse built by the architect Carl Sattler .

In 1924 the research institute was affiliated to the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science as the "Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Psychiatry".

Ernst Rüdin had been assistant to Emil Kraepelin in Munich since 1907 and senior physician and private lecturer since 1909. He was also a founding member of the German Society for Racial Hygiene and editor of the Archive for Racial and Social Biology since 1905. From 1917 he headed the genealogical-demographic department of the institute, from 1931 to 1945 the entire research institute. As one of the most important representatives of German psychiatry of his time, he became head of the state Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Psychiatry in Munich in 1931. On the basis of an extensive collection of patient files, Rüdin came to the conclusion that mental illnesses are genetic and could therefore be predicted and prevented. He helped the NS - Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring to the emergence and wrote the official commentary on the law. Denazification classified Rüdin, the "... psychiatrist who had been involved in drafting the Nazi mass sterilization law ..." as a follower.

“1935 Rüdin's psychiatric-population-genetic work direction as well as his race hygiene program and his functions in the national health system under National Socialism increasingly determine the activities of the institute. 1939 During the Second World War, on the one hand, research is severely hindered, on the other hand, participation in "war-important" projects takes place. The brains of victims of the " T4 action " are examined in the neuropathological department or in the prosecure . "

- History of the institute

After the dissolution of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in 1945 and the re-establishment of the Max Planck Society in 1948, the German Research Institute for Psychiatry was incorporated into the Max Planck Society in 1954 while maintaining the foundation from 1917. Organizationally, the institute was divided into a clinical and a theoretical sub-institute. In 1966 the institute was renamed “Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (German Research Institute for Psychiatry)”.

The independent Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology emerged in 1998 from the theoretical sub -institute .

From 1989 to 2014 the biologically oriented psychiatrist Florian Holsboer was head of the institute.

research

The Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry combines basic research, clinical research and patient care in the field of psychiatry and neurology. In addition to doctors and psychologists, basic researchers from all natural science disciplines work together to clarify the causes and possible therapy development for psychiatric and neurological diseases. The main research focus is on stress , psychotrauma , anxiety , schizophrenia , depression , sleep and neurological research.

The clinic consists of five wards, three day clinics and a large outpatient area with many special outpatient departments.

The fully inpatient area is divided into four psychiatric and one neurological wards with 120 beds for around 1200 inpatients per year.

literature

  • Engstrom, Eric J., Wolfgang Burgmair, Matthias Weber: "Psychiatric Governance, völkisch Corporatism, and the German Research Institute for Psychiatry in Munich (1912-1926)." History of Psychiatry 27.1 / 2 (2016): 38-50, 137-52.
  • Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 , Frankfurt am Main, 2005.
  • Uwe Henrik Peters : Lexicon of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology. With an English-German dictionary attached . 6th, completely revised and expanded edition. Elsevier, Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-437-15061-8 .
  • Festschrift for the 75th anniversary of the Maria Theresa Clinic , Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Vinzenz von Paul, Munich 2005
  • Max Planck Society (Ed.): 75 years of the Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (German Research Institute for Psychiatry) Munich 1917 - 1992 , Editing: Sigrid Deutschmann, Munich: General Administration of the Max Planck Society, Department of Press and Public Relations 1992, series: Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science: Reports and communications; 92.2.
  • Eckart Henning , Marion Kazemi : German Research Institute for Psychiatry (Kaiser Wilhelm / Max Planck Institute) / Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry (German Research Institute for Psychiatry) , in: Handbook on the history of the institute of Kaiser Wilhelm / Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science 1911–2011 - Data and Sources , Berlin 2016, 2 volumes, volume 2: Institutes and research centers M – Z ( online, PDF, 75 MB ), page 1363ff.
  • Matthias M. Weber : "A research institute for psychiatry ...": The development of the German research institute for psychiatry in Munich between 1917 and 1945 , in: Sudhoffs Archiv Bd. 75, H. 1 (1991), pp. 74-89.

See also

Web links

Footnotes

  1. https://www.psych.mpg.de/24419/staff
  2. ^ Clinic of the Max Planck Institute ( Memento from July 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ); Retrieved July 29, 2014
  3. ^ Engstrom, Eric J., Wolfgang Burgmair, and Matthias M. Weber. "Psychiatric Governance, Völkisch Corporatism, and the German Research Institute of Psychiatry in Munich (1912-26)." History of Psychiatry 27, no. 1/2 (2016): 38-50, 137-52.
  4. Engstrom, Eric J et al. "Psychiatry and Politics in the Service of the German People." In Emil Kraepelin: Kraepelin in Munich II, 1914-1921, ed. Wolfgang Burgmair, Eric J. Engstrom and Matthias M. Weber, 17-82. Munich: Belleville, 2009.
  5. Engstrom, Eric J. et al. "Science organization as a legacy." In Emil Kraepelin: Kraepelin in Munich, Part III: 1921-1926, edited by Wolfgang Burgmair, Eric J. Engstrom, and Matthias Weber, 17-71. Munich: Belleville, 2013.
  6. Cf. u. a. Emil Kraepelin, Zur Entartungsfrage , in: Zentralblatt für Nervenheilkunde und Psychiatrie 31, NF 19, 1908, pp. 745–750, here pp. 750 f.
  7. Ernst Rüdin, Emil Kraepelin. On the question of degeneration , in: Archive for Race and Society Biology 6, 1909, pp. 254–257.
  8. Hans-Walter Schmuhl (ed.), Rassenforschung an Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes before and after 1933 (2003), ISBN 3-89244-471-4 , p. 44.
  9. ^ Emil Kraepelin, The Social Enemies (Antisocial) , in: Emil Kraepelin, Psychiatrie. A textbook for students and doctors , Vol. 4, 8th edition, Leipzig 1915, 2076-2116. - Cf. in the Internet Archive : Full text of "Psychiatrie: a textbook for students and doctors" , p. 2076 ff: The enemies of society (antisocial): Clinical picture, fear of work, lack of foresight, untruthfulness, irritability, vanity, cozy dullness, Ineducibility, thirst for adventure, indulgence, sexual inclinations, crime (theft, embezzlement, fraud, extortion, pimping, perjury, arson, robbery, crimes of brutality), recidivism. Training of specialties, repentance .
  10. Volkmar Sigusch , Günter Grau (ed.), Personenlexikon der Sexualforschung (2009), ISBN 3-593-39049-3 , p. 531.
  11. Kurt Kolle , Emil Kraepelin 1856 - 1926 , in: Kurt Kolle (ed.), Große Nervenärzte. 21 Lebensbilder , Vol. 1, Stuttgart 1956, pp. 175–186 / 2nd edition (1962), ISBN 3-13-363201-9 .
  12. Also: 70 years of coercion in German psychiatry - experienced and witnessed. Main lecture from June 7, 2007 by Dorothea Buck at the congress “Coercive Treatment in Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Review” , hosted by the World Psychiatric Organization in Dresden from June 6 to 8, 2007
  13. Burgmair, Wolfgang, and Matthias M. Weber. "'The money is well invested and you don't need to have any regrets': James Loeb, a German-American patron of science between the German Empire and the Weimar Republic." Historical Journal 277 (2003): 343-378.
  14. "Schwabing was and is a clinic district that gained a reputation through generous donations from Jewish patrons. The voluntary and diligent cooperation, often played down with the vague word" entanglement ", the preparation and legitimation of the policy of persecution and murder by scientists, is discussed in the chapter via the director and staff of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, today the Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry. The way was paved early for the perpetrators and followers among the doctors and the officials of health policy. The Jewish competitors - among them the ones Chief physicians at the Schwabing Hospital - lost their jobs in 1933. "; by Ilse Macek from the foreword and the speech to the book presentation; "Excluded - Disenfranchised - Deported", Schwabing and Schwabinger Fates 1933 to 1945, Volk Verlag Munich 1933 to 1945: Nazi rule in Munich ; 06.2008.
  15. Deadly Medicine: The Creation of the Master Race ( Memento of October 3, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), Ernst Rüdin; United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; June 18, 2008.
  16. Deadly Medicine: The Creation of the Master Race; United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; June 18, 2008; http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/deadlymedicine/german/ ( Memento of October 3, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) .
  17. ^ "Mass gassings: Operation T-4. After Hitler authorized" mercy death "for patients considered incurable in October 1939, the murder program was extended from children to adults. Operation T-4 - the name referred to the address of the headquarters of the secret program at Tiergartenstrasse 4 in Berlin - aimed primarily at adult patients in private, state and church institutions. People who were classified as non-productive were particularly at risk. From January 1940 to August 1941, over 70,000 men and women were sent to one of the Six specially staffed facilities in Germany and Austria were transported and killed by carbon monoxide poisoning in gas chambers equipped as showers. As the public gradually learned of these murders and became restless, Hitler stopped the gassing program. The euthanasia murders continued under cover; that's how one murdered in general zen Land Patients in hospitals and sanatoriums due to "starvation" and overdosing of medication. An estimated 200,000 people died between 1939 and 1945 as a result of the various euthanasia programs. "; Deadly Medicine: The Creation of the Master Race, Ernst Rüdin; United States Holocaust Memorial Museum ( Memento of October 3, 2006 in the Internet Archive ); June 18, 2008.
  18. Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich-Schwabing ( Memento of the original from May 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mpipsykl.mpg.de
  19. aims of the institute ; Retrieved July 29, 2014.

Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ′ 25.2 ″  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 34.1 ″  E