Karl Graul

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Karl Graul

Karl Friedrich Leberecht Graul (born February 6, 1814 in Wörlitz (Anhalt), † November 10, 1864 in Erlangen ) was a German Lutheran theologian . As a mission director, missiologist and dravidologist , he laid the foundations for German missiology .

Life

Born as the son of a master weaver, he attended high school in Dessau before studying theology in Leipzig from 1834–38 . After working as a private tutor for some time, in 1844 he became director of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission Society in Dresden (Dresden Mission), which shortly afterwards became the Evangelical Lutheran Mission in Leipzig (Leipzig Mission). Graul’s main focus was the strict commitment of the mission to the Lutheran creed and an extensive missionary training associated with it. Missionaries should go to the mission areas as ordained theologians with adequate knowledge of the local languages. Graul himself was gifted with languages ​​and spoke Italian , French , English , Latin , Greek , Hebrew , Tamil , Persian , Sanskrit and Hindustani .

His own stay in South India forced him to grapple with how the Lutheran congregations were dealing with the so-called " caste dispute " and the tensions with other Protestant missionary societies . As a result he wrote works in Tamil and translated several texts into German , including the Tamil Tirukkural (1856).

As the first German, Graul became a lecturer in missiology in 1864 in Erlangen with the habilitation thesis on the position and meaning of mission in the whole of university sciences and thus became the founder of modern German missiology .

Works

  • Translation of Dante Allghieri's Divine Comedy ; 1843. (Electronic text on www.dantealighieri.dk)
  • Differentiation doctrines of the various Christian denominations ; 1845
  • The Ev.-Luth. Mission to the ev-luth. Church of all lands ; 1845
  • Explanations concerning the principles of the Leipzig Society with regard to the Caste-Question ; Madras 1851
  • Journey to the East Indies , 5 volumes; 1854-56
  • Bibliotheca Tamulica sive Opera Praecipia Tamuliensium , 4 volumes
    • Volume 1: Tamul writings to explain the Vedanta system or the orthodox philosophy of the Hindus. Translation and explanation by Karl Graul. Leipzig 1854. ( digitized version )
    • Volume 2: Kaivaljanavanīta. A Vedanta Poem. The Tamil Text with a Translation and Glossary and Grammatical Notes. Leipzig / London 1855. ( digitized )
    • Volume 3: The Kural of Tiruvalluver. A gnomish poem about the three striving goals of man. Translation and explanation by Karl Graul. Leipzig 1856. ( digitized version )
    • Volume 4: Kural of Tiruvalluver. High-Tamil Text with Translation into Common Tamil and Latin, Notes and Glossary. Leipzig 1865. ( digitized version )
  • Outline of Tamil Grammar ; 1855
  • The Christian Church on the threshold of the Irenean Age ; 1860
  • The position of the Evangelical Lutheran mission in Leipzig on the East Indian caste question ; 1861
  • On the position and significance of the Christian missions in the whole of university studies ; 1864
  • Indian plants and flowers for the identification of the Indian, mainly Tamul spirit ; 1864

literature

Web links

Commons : Evangelical Lutheran Missionswerk Leipzig  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Graul, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Graul, Karl Friedrich Leberecht (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Lutheran theologian
DATE OF BIRTH February 6, 1814
PLACE OF BIRTH Wörlitz (Anhalt)
DATE OF DEATH November 10, 1864
Place of death gain