Charterhouse Královo Pole
 
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The location of the Charterhouse on the map of the Czech Republic. |
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The chartreuse Královo poles (German: chartreuse King field ; also . Kartause of the Holy Trinity in King field , sometimes Kartause Brno , Czech Kartouza Královo poles , Kartouza Nejsvětější Trojice ; latin Cartusia S. Trinitas , sometimes Cartusia Brunensis ) was a convent of Carthusian in Královo Pole ( Königsfeld ) near Brno . It was founded by Margrave Johann Heinrich in 1375 and settled with monks from the Gaming Charterhouse .
Today Královo Pole is a part of the Moravian capital Brno .
history
In 1349 the Bohemian and Roman-German King Charles IV transferred the Margraviate of Moravia to his younger brother Johann Heinrich. The margraviate had already been reduced in size to include the Diocese of Olomouc and the Duchy of Opava , which were directly subordinated to the Crown of Bohemia as direct fiefdoms . Johann Heinrich resided in Brno and promoted not only the economic but also the spiritual development of his subjects.
Shortly before his death, with the consent of his sons Jobst , Prokop and Johann Sobieslaus on August 13, 1375 he founded the Charterhouse "Královo Pole / Königsfeld", which St. Trinity was dedicated. To secure the economic security of the Charterhouse, he donated land with a small hunting lodge in Königsfeld, which lies above Brno, as well as the villages of Strzielcz and Černovice ( Tschernowitz ; now part of Brno), a vineyard in Obřany and others. J. Margrave Jobst confirmed his father's foundation and in January 1376 he had the foundation's assets entered in the Moravian land table . In the same year, the monastery complex and the monastery church were probably completed. Planning and construction probably began as early as 1369, when a monk from the Gaming Charterhouse was called to Königsfeld. The settlement of the Charterhouse also took place with monks from Gaming, who also provided the first prior.
Even at the beginning of its existence, the Charterhouse suffered from the armed conflicts between the margravial brothers Jobst and Prokop. Nevertheless, Prokop was buried in the Königsfeld monastery church in 1405.
From 1406 Johannes Rode , a monk from Hamburg of the Prague "Kartause Mariengarten" , was prior in Königsfeld. During the Hussite Wars , the Charterhouse and the village of Královo Pole were damaged several times and burned down in 1423. It was rebuilt after 1431. Since King George of Podebrady was well-disposed towards the Charterhouse, the monks also took his side. However, after the city of Brno allied itself with the opposing king Matthias Corvinus , and Georg's son Viktorin was still able to defend the Spielberg , Corvin's supporters attacked the Charterhouse outside the city walls of Brno. When Viktorin could no longer hold the Spielberg in January 1469, the Charterhouse, which still belonged to King George, was devastated and burned down by Hungarian troops. After the early reconstruction, there was an economic upswing and a cultural and spiritual boom under the prior Bernhard Lang from Brno, who was followed in 1490 by his brother Anton Lang. In 1505 a gradual was created in the Königsfeld Charterhouse .
In the second half of the 16th century, reforms were carried out that ensured the continued existence of the Charterhouse. In 1604 the monastery church received new Renaissance choir stalls, which were carved by Emmerich Thurn and are now in the Prague Art History Museum. After the Battle of White Mountain in 1618, the Charterhouse was confiscated by the Protestant rebels on August 17, 1619. The monks were held in the Charterhouse, the associated villages were devastated and the goods were parceled out and sold. Part of the property was transferred to Wilhelm Munk von Eibeschütz , who was a supporter of the rebels. After the escape of the winter king Friedrich V in 1621, the Charterhouse got its goods back. The Olomouc Bishop Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein campaigned for its reconstruction and financial compensation . The Charterhouse had to endure renewed harassment during the Thirty Years' War . In 1645 the Swedish general Lennart Torstensson chose the Königsfeld Charterhouse for his quarters . When the Swedes withdrew, the associated villages were devastated and burned down. The monks who had fled before returned to the half-devastated monastery.
At the turn of the 17th to the 18th century, there was an economic, intellectual and cultural boom, which, however , came to a standstill due to the War of the Austrian Succession . Around 1765, the monastery complex and the monastery church were rebuilt and expanded in the Baroque style under Prior Athanasius Gottfried. Well-known painters and sculptors, among them Andreas Schweigel and Franz Anton Maulbertsch, were involved in the artistic design . The monastery library, which was also built, contained 271 manuscripts, 162 incunabula and 3,000 prints. In the priory there was a collection of paintings as well as drawings and sketches, among others by Albrecht Dürer and Franz Anton Maulpertsch.
Only a few years later, the Königsfeld Charterhouse was dissolved by the Josephine reforms . On January 18, 1782, an imperial commission appeared without prior notice, led by Count Johann Mitrowsky, who read the imperial decree on the repeal to the monks. The monks could choose between a pension or joining another order. The last prior from 1750 was Athanasius Gottfried (* 1728), who died on October 3, 1814 in Brno.
The entire monastery property was given to the religious fund, with the proceeds going to the Catholic institutions. The monastery church was rededicated in 1782 as a branch church with a curate for the residents of Königsfeld and in 1853 raised to an independent parish. Built in 1279 by the Johannites , St. The former village church consecrated to Wenceslas was repealed in 1783 and demolished two years later.
The monastery complex was handed over to the imperial army, which opened a cadet school there in 1877 . After the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918, it was followed by the Czechoslovak Army . Since 1964 there has been a branch of the Brno University of Technology in the remaining monastery buildings .
literature
- Emanuel Kral: History of the Karthauses in Königsfeld near Brno from their construction in 1375 to the present . Brno 1888
- Cartusia Brunensis - dějiny královopolského kláštera a jeho proměny v 21. století . ISBN 80-214-2921-6
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Prior Johannes Rode
- ↑ Graduals (PDF; 29 kB). (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; accessed on November 18, 2018 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Gottfried & f = false
Coordinates: 49 ° 13 ′ 38.6 " N , 16 ° 35 ′ 47.3" E