Kartausgarten (Eisenach)
The Kartausgarten Eisenach is the oldest botanical garden in the Wartburg town of Eisenach and is now located in the listed villa area in the southern part of the town .
Position and extent
The Kartausgarten is an approximately 3.8 hectare landscape park in the Eisenacher Südstadt. It is located on Wartburgallee and is bounded by Kurstraße, Ernst-Böckel-Straße and Waisenstraße. The main entrances are in the Wandelhalle and on Kurstraße.
Attractions
The garden and landscape park has numerous rare and exotic trees and plants. The listed building of the Wandelhalle was created around 1908 as part of the Eisenach health resort. In the center of the garden is the gardener's house with the classicist tea room . The monument to Grand Duke Carl Alexander was erected on the southern edge of the park in 1909 .
History of the garden
The Kartauskloster
→ Main article: Eisenach Charterhouse
Around 1390 monks of the Carthusian Order took over an undeveloped property about 200 m south of the Marientore of the city fortifications and built a monastery here . The monks leveled the rocky slopes of the Karthäuserberg, laid terraces for a vineyard , hop plantations and fish ponds and buried their dead in a small cemetery next to the monastery church. The name Kartausgarten was later used to designate a separate area on the edge of the monastery for the cultivation of kitchen and medicinal herbs. The first phase of use of the Kartausgarten ended with the unrest and attacks against the monastery inmates triggered by the Eisenach Pfaffensturm in 1525 .
Early modern age
The monastery, which was secularized after the Reformation , was partially repaired by the order of Duke Johann Friedrich by 1537; bulk floors for grain and storage rooms were created, including a new sheep farm. The Kartausgarten and the agricultural areas were leased. During the Thirty Years War the plant was looted and the vine and hop plantations were ruined. In 1694, Duke Johann Georg founded the Eisenach orphanage in the monastery buildings , and from 1717 to 1721 the new orphanage and a breeding and spinning house - with a textile factory - were built on the same site, surrounded by a high wall . In 1819 the orphanage was abandoned and both buildings were rededicated as a detention center - probably the most terrible place you could find in Eisenach at that time, the foyer was built here in 1906 .
18th century
The Eisenach gardener Paul Thieme was commissioned in 1694 to operate the Kartausgarten as a ducal kitchen garden, the extensive meadow area and parts of the slopes were planted with fruit trees and bushes. From 1717, the gardener Hunstock created six hotbeds. At that time Eisenach owned the Charlottengarten above the residential palace, the first princely park within the city, which was supervised by the court gardener Petri. The Eisenach Duke Johann Wilhelm had Wilhelmsthal Castle , a baroque summer residence, built between 1712 and 1715 . This duke was also busy with renovations at Schloss Marksuhl , where he had an orange house and a castle garden built. On the northern outskirts of Eisenach, the Clemdagarten , again with an orangery , was created next to the Klemme moated castle . To equip the numerous hunting and pleasure palaces that were built in the Eisenach area during this time and under his successor, Duke Ernst August , ornamental trees, exotic flowers and perennials were required in large quantities and varieties, which one wanted to cultivate through one's own cultivation. For this reason the Kartausgarten was extended to the ducal plant garden. The ducal court gardener Johann Georg Sckell was responsible for the Kartausgarten from 1785 to 1800.
19th century
Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich (1765–1850) became court gardener of Wilhelmstal Palace in 1801 through Goethe's mediation and was also assigned the Kartausgarten in 1802. Dietrich was probably the first gardener in Eisenach to undertake systematic botanical studies; his endeavor was to check the suitability and cultivation conditions of the often expensive plants, which were imported in large numbers from overseas. At his request, the gardener's house, which was renovated in 1825, contained a small training room , where he gave botany lessons to gardening staff and laypeople . A few years later, this room became a tea room - a classical pavilion decorated with French wallpaper .
From 1845, the grand ducal court gardener Hermann Jäger , who also moved into his apartment in the gardener's house, set new accents in the design of the Kartausgarten . By buying neighboring parcels, the Kartausgarten was considerably expanded to the south and east around 1845–1848. Now it was possible to create a landscape park in the meadow and rocky slopes traversed by the Sengelsbach , which worked through the targeted selection and combination of exotic trees and bushes impressed. Jäger's objective was the creation of a wild garden , by which he meant a park,
".. if we distinguish the ornamental gardens as symmetrical and landscape, then the latter are actually all" wild gardens ", at least they should be. The plants used in it should have the appearance as if nature herself had scattered her beauty-producing creative power. ... Rule: give every suitable plant a place where it comes into its own in its picturesque beauty and arrange the individual in such a way that it is grouped and, within certain limited limits, forms a whole, as it were appear from a cast .. . "
Jäger's park consisted of three parts: the historic kitchen and herb garden from the monastery era, the area around the gardener's house designed by Dietrich and the landscape park with steep wooded slopes and the large planted meadow on the Sengelsbach, which was expanded through purchase. In the following years, this three-way division was essentially retained, visual connections to the Wartburg were also created, technical modernizations, such as the construction of glass houses, were carried out, and in 1898 the Sengelsbach was concealed by arching. The Kartausgarten was already the starting point for other facilities initiated by the Eisenach Beautification Association , for example the Schwendelei - a promenade above the Kartausgarten.
After 1900
The Kurbad-Eisenach-Gesellschaft was founded in Eisenach in 1905 ; it brought about the construction of a mineral water spa in the south of the Wartburg city. For this purpose a water pipe was laid from the Karolinenquelle near Creuzburg into the city. Various spa houses and hotels were built in the immediate vicinity, the Kartausgarten was rededicated as a spa park. The centerpiece of the spa facilities was the drinking and foyer , opened on July 8, 1906, which was fed from the salty water of the Karolinen spring. The spa business was maintained with varying success until 1938. In honor of the Grand Duchess Feodora , the path starting at the southern end was named Feodora-Promenade around 1910 . From 1890 to 1930 Otto Sckell , Rudolf Ritter and Hermann Steininger were responsible for the Kartausgarten. The private nursery Trunk leased the park from 1930. Since 1942, the Eisenach city administration took over the park administration through gardening inspector Martin . As a resort and tourist focus in the city, the park was reopened shortly after the end of the war and made usable for events. In 1965, the Eisenach municipal economy, park and garden department, took over the facility.
Garden after the peaceful revolution from 1990
After the fall of the Wall , the now dilapidated greenhouses had to be torn down and the gardener's house was renovated. To improve accessibility, stair sections were gradually renovated or newly constructed. A playground for small children has been created north of the gardener's house.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hartmut Eckebrecht The Charlottenburg . Heimatblätter '92 des Eisenacher Land, Marburg 1993 p. 132 ISBN 3-924269-95-5
- ↑ Bernd Mähler Heinrich Weigel Gardens, parks and park-like valleys and forest areas in the Eisenach district . Eisenacher Schriften zur Heimatkunde Eisenach, 1985 p. 3, 16-18
- ^ Heinrich Weigel The Kartausgarten as an example of a wild garden In: Heimatblätter, part 50, December 1994.
- ↑ PM of the City of Eisenach from July 3, 2006 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Wandelhalle ( memento of the original from May 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Horst Schmidt, Hans-Henning Walter History of the Creuzburg Salt Works . Eisenacher Schriften zur Heimatkunde Volume 39 Eisenach, 1988 p. 66f
Literature on the history of the garden
- Bernd Mähler Heinrich Weigel Gardens, parks and park-like valleys and forest areas in the Eisenach district . Eisenacher Schriften zur Heimatkunde Eisenach, 1985 p. 3, 16–28.
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 11 ″ N , 10 ° 19 ′ 32 ″ E