Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich

Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich

Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich , [according to other information Johann Christian Gottlieb Dietrich ] (born March 9, 1765 [according to other information 1768] in Ziegenhain ; † January 2, 1850 in Eisenach ) was a German botanist , garden designer and author of botanical and horticultural books. Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ F.Dietr. “He was the grandson of the botanist Adam Dietrich . The botanist and copperplate engraver Johann David Nikolaus Dietrich (= David Nathanael Friedrich Dietrich = Friedrich David Dietrich; 1799 / 1800–1888), curator at the Jena University Herbarium , was his nephew .

Life

Dietrich began an apprenticeship as a court gardener in Weimar . On a botanical expedition in Jena , he met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . In 1785 he accompanied Goethe on his journey to the Czech Karlovy Vary and Fichtel Mountains . Goethe made it possible for him to attend grammar school and, with the help of Duke Karl August von Weimar, supported the basic botany education in Jena. In addition, his patrons made trips to Kew and Chelsea possible .

From 1782 to 1801 Johann Dietrich was a ducal gardener in Weimar . In 1794 he became a court gardener and supplied Goethe with plants for his botanical studies and worked on Goethe's work " Metamorphosis of Plants " (1790).

In 1801 he became garden director in Wilhelmsthal , and in 1802 director of the Kartausgarten in Eisenach. Dietrich converted this landscape garden , laid out around 1790 by the court gardener Johann Georg Sckell , into a botanical garden in which he planted one of the earliest German alpine gardens ( Alpinum ), first in pots and then in rocks, using seeds collected from the Alps . He taught botany and led excursions into the surrounding area. From 1802 to 1840 he wrote a complete encyclopedia of gardening and botany .

Then he designed the ducal botanical garden Wilhelmsthal near Eisenach in Thuringia . In 1845 he became director of the ducal botanical gardens in Eisenach and Wilhelmstal.

He obtained the title of Grand Ducal Council , was promoted to Dr. phil. doctorate in order to be appointed professor of botany. He was a member of the Regensburg Botanical Society , the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in Berlin and the Leipzig Economic Society .

The “ International Plant Names Index ” (IPNI) lists 220 plant species, including 56 cranesbill species with his author's abbreviation, which he described or converted for the first time.

Works

Gardens and parks

• Wilhelmstal garden near Eisenach

Fonts

• Complete lexicon of gardening and botany: or alphabetical description of the construction, maintenance and use of all domestic and foreign, economic, official and decorative plants , Weimar: Gaedicke (from vol. 6: Berlin: Gaedicke), numerous volumes (with supplementary volumes ): 1st edition 1802-10, 10 volumes; 2nd ed. 1820–21; Supplements, 10 vols., 1815-21; new addendum, 10 vols., Ulm 1825–40. Volume 3 also udT non-profit manual for gardeners and gardening enthusiasts .
• Hand-Lexicon of Horticulture and Botany , 2 volumes, Berlin, 1829.
• Economic-botanical garden journal , 6 volumes, Eisenach, 1795–1804.
• The winter gardener, or instruction to overwinter the most popular fashion flowers and economic plants without greenhouses and hotbeds, in rooms, cellars and other containers, or to prepare them for the open garden. Edited based on personal experience , Weimar: o. Dr., 1st edition 1801, several other editions, some illustrated with copperplate engravings in two volumes.
• Manual of botanical pleasure gardening, or instructions for the cultivation of plants in general, and the appropriate construction of the greenhouses, containers and forcing beds in particular; ... , Hamburg: Campe, Volume 1: 1826, Vol. 2: The practical gardening , 1828.
• The wonders of the plant world or observation and description of the wonderful formal appearances in the vegetable kingdom , Ulm: Ebner, 1844.
• The autumn and winter flora , Ulm, 1843.
• The winter gardener: or instruction to overwinter the most popular fashion flowers and economic plants without greenhouses and hotbeds, in rooms, cellars and other containers, or to prepare them for the open garden: edited based on personal experience , 1st edition Weimar: Gädicke, 1801; 2nd edition Weimar: Gädicke, 1802; 3. change Berlin: Gädicke, 1808 [-1809]; 4th edition Berlin, 1818; partly with the addition of various horticultural writings by other authors.
• The summer gardener , Ulm 1841.
• Description of the ducal gardens in and around Eisenach , 1st edition Eisenach: Wittekindt, 1806; 2nd edition udT Description of the excellent gardens in and near Eisenach , Eisenach, 1808; 3rd ext. Ed. UdT description of the excellent gardens in and near Eisenach and their beautiful area; together with a list of the plants available in the Ducal Carthausgarten in Eisenach , Eisenach: Wittekind, 1811.
• The apothecary's garden, or instructions for German gardeners to raise several domestic and foreign plants that can be used in pharmacies and thereby increase garden income , Weimar: Gädicke, 1802.
• The vegetable and fruit attendant: or instruction all kinds of greens u. to keep dry garden plants for a long time ...; a book for every economical housemother; ed. by a practical gardener , 1st edition Weimar, 1800; 2. presumably u. verb. Ed., Weimar: Gädicke, 1802.
• The Linneische geraniums for botanists and flower lovers: completely new and reproduced from nature and described after careful observation , Weimar: Gädicke, 1801–1803
• Presentation of excellent ornamental plants, which are counted among the most popular fashion flowers, for botanists and flower lovers, reproduced from nature and described after careful observation , Weimar: Gädicke, 1803.
• Aesthetic botany , Berlin, 1812.
• The Weimar flora or directory of the trees, shrubs and perennials in the ducal park in Weimar , Eisenach, 1800.
• Moriz Balthasar Borckhausen: Botanical dictionary or attempt to explain the most distinguished terms and artificial words in botany; with additions and corrections increased by Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich , Gießen: Heyer, 1816.
• In Goethe's estate there is a list of plants with a note from his hand: "List of plants and seeds which the gardener Dietrich is required to leave" from September 27, 1817 (signature of the Goethe and Schiller Archives: 26 / LXII, Ss).

Honors

According to Dietrich the genus Dietrichia Tratt. from the thick-leaf family (Crassulaceae).

literature

• Walther Killy (Ed.): Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie , Volume 2, Munich: KG Saur, 1995, p. 535
• Meyers Konversationslexikon, Volume 4, p. 961.
• Georg Balzer: Goethe as a gardening friend . Heyne, Munich 1976, home gardener and botanical herald, p. 113-116 .
• Urania cultural and educational association Gotha eV (Ed.): Eisenacher personalities . A biographical lexicon. RhinoVerlag, Weimar 2004, ISBN 3-932081-45-5 , p. 30th f .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]

Web links

• Author entry and list of the plant names described for Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich at the IPNI