Kassandria
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Kassandria Κασσάνδρεια |
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| Basic data | |||
| Country |
 Greece
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| region | Central Macedonia | ||
| Regional district | Chalkidiki | ||
| local community | Kassandra | ||
| Geographic coordinates | 40 ° 3 ' N , 23 ° 25' E | ||
| Height above d. M. |
46 m cassandria (medium) |
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| surface | 61.052 km² | ||
| Residents | 3075 (2011) | ||
| Population density | 59.2 Ew. / km² | ||
| LAU-1 code no. | 640601 | ||
| Post Code | 630 77 | ||
| Telephone code | 23740 | ||
Kassandria ( Greek Κασσάνδρεια ( f. Sg. ), Pronounced Kassándria; older name Valta Βάλτα, alternative transcription Kassandreia; Latin Cassandreia ) is a Greek village on the Kassandra peninsula (ancient name: Pallene or Pallini) in the administrative region of Central Macedonia . It is the largest town on the Kassandra peninsula and the municipality of Kassandra , of which it is the administrative seat. The name of the village was taken from the ancient city (polis) Kassandreia .
The city was founded in 316 BC. Founded by the Diadoch king Kassander in the area of the former city Potidaia (today Nea Potidea ) on the isthmus of the Kassandra peninsula. The population of this new foundation was largely made up of the inhabitants of the former Potidaias and that of Philip II in 348 BC. Chr. Destroyed Olynths . Kassandria was one of the most important cities in Macedonia during the Hellenistic period . During the Roman Empire , the city had the status of a Roman colony under Italian law ( ius Italicum ) and was thus largely exempt from taxes. Since Augustus it has been called Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis . In 539/40 Kassandria, now part of the Eastern Roman Empire , was conquered and destroyed by Slavs . After the destruction, Kassandria remained with the Byzantine Empire until the 10th century. Conquests by the Bulgarian tsar also brought Kassandria under Bulgarian rule. With the defeat of the Bulgarian Tsar, Kassandria fell back to the Byzantine Empire. In 1204, after the fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade , Kassandria became part of the Kingdom of Thessaloniki , a crusader state. Its hegemony ended in 1224 with the conquest by the despotate of Epirus. In the 1240s, the Byzantine successor state, the Empire of Nicaea, succeeded in conquering Halkidiki and finally in 1246 in conquering Thessaloniki. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Catalan Company settled briefly in Kassandra and thus Kassandria before moving on to the Duchy of Athens and Kassandria again fell to the Byzantine Empire. In the middle of the 14th century, the Serbian King Stefan IV. Uros Dusan was able to briefly gain control of Kassandria; after his death in 1355 and the subsequent collapse of the Greater Serbian Empire, Kassandria reverted to the Byzantine Empire. In 1389 the Ottoman Empire conquered Thessaloniki and its hinterland including Kassandria. In 1392 it was reconquered by the Byzantine Empire, whose rule was only to last about 30 years. In 1423 Kassandria fell with the entire peninsula Kassandra and the city of Thessaloniki to Venice , which was supposed to defend both Thessaloniki and Kassandra against the Ottoman Empire . With the fall of Thessaloniki in 1430, the Kassandra peninsula and the area of today's village Kassandria were conquered by Ottoman troops and incorporated into the Ottoman Empire.
Kassandria was re-established in the 16th century under the name Valta . In 1821 the Greek rebels withdrew to Kassandria after their defeat by the Ottoman army in front of Thessaloniki. In November 1821 the Ottoman army succeeded in crossing the Potidea Canal and subsequently conquering Kassandria and other localities. Parts of the rebels and residents fled to Central Greece and the Sporades. The village was completely destroyed during or after the conquest by the Ottoman troops.
With the Greek local government reform Schedio Kapodistrias in 1997, the independent municipality Kassandria was dissolved and joined as a municipality to the newly created municipality Kassandra alongside other previously independent municipalities. With the amalgamation of the municipalities of Kassandra and Pallini in 2010, it became a municipal community ( gr.Dimotiki kinotita δημοτική κοινότητα) of the municipality of Kassandra consists of five localities or settlements, including a prison listed as a settlement (population figures from 2011 census):
- Local community Kassandria - Δ.κ. Κασσανδρείας - 3,075 inhabitants
- Kassandria - Κασσάνδρεια - 2,775 inhabitants
- Elani - Ελάνη - 31 inhabitants
- Sani - Σανή - 18 inhabitants
- Siviri - Σίβηρη - 251 inhabitants
- Xenofondos prison - Φυλακές Ξενοφώντος - 0 inhabitants
In the Kassandria settlement there is a health center, a branch of the Greek telephone company OTE, banks, 2 elementary schools, 2 kindergartens, a high school and 2 Lykia, one of which is technical.
The Kypsas wetland is in the Kassandreia area.
Near the village of Siviri there is an amphitheater built in the 1980s in the middle of a pine forest, which is modeled on ancient models. In this amphitheater, theater and music performances take place mainly in the summer months (June to September), including the Kassandra cultural festival.
A little north of the town of Sani on the west coast of Kassandra is a watchtower from Byzantine times at the tip of the Sani peninsula, the Stavronikita tower. It represents a remnant of the former agricultural property of the Stavronikita monastery on Athos.
Windmills from the 19th century can still be found in the village of Kassandria.
One of the largest holiday complexes is located in the district of Kassandria around the cape and the village of Sani.
The Kassandria soccer team plays in the second Greek soccer league. Kassandria is the smallest place in Greece's second football league in terms of population. The team reached a fourth place in the table once.
literature
- Halkidiki 1: 150,000. Road Editions, Athens. ISBN 960-8481-90-2 .
- Macedonia 1: 250,000. Road Editions, Athens. ISBN 960-8481-18-X .
- Peter Kanzler, Andreas Neumeier: Northern and Central Greece. 9th, updated and completely revised edition. Michael Müller, Erlangen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89953-297-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Results of the 2011 census, Greek Statistical Office (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)