Feldioara Castle

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Feldioara Castle
limes Dacian Limes
section Limes Alutanus
A / VIII / 45
Dating (occupancy) A) 101/102 to the middle of the 2nd century.
B) The middle of the 2nd century to the 3rd century.
Type Auxiliary fort
unit A) unknown
B) Cohors II Flavia Numidarum equitata Antoniana
size A) undetermined
B) 114 m × 137 m = 1.5 ha (?)
Construction A) Wood and earth warehouse
B) Stone fort
State of preservation visible remains and soil deformations
place Feldioara , Ucea
Municipality
Geographical location 45 ° 47 '54.3 "  N , 24 ° 41' 24.6"  E Coordinates: 45 ° 47 '54.3 "  N , 24 ° 41' 24.6"  E
height 403  m
Previous Cincșor Castle
(A / VIII / 44, east)
Subsequently Caput Stenarum
(A / VIII / 46, west-southwest)
Feldioara fort in the course of the Limes
The fort is marked as an object in the map project of the Habsburg Josephinian land survey from the 2nd half of the 18th century on the right in the map with a cross below the place Földvár (Hungarian, German: Marienburg , now Romanian: Feldioara )

The fort Feldioara ( Romanian : Castrul de la Feldioara - Cetăţeaua ) was a Roman auxiliary troops camp on the territory of the village Feldioara , in the municipality Ucea , Braşov County in Transylvania , Romania . It was on the Limes Alutanus in the province of Dacia superior , later in Dacia Apulensis .

location

The cohort fort was on the west-east running Roman road along the Olt River . Topographically, the camp was on the river terrace of the Olt. His task was possibly to monitor the southern, northern exit of the Arpaș Pass. From ancient times there was a ford south of the river . In today's settlement, the site is a good 500 meters south of the village of Feldioara and around 250 meters north of the Olt.

Archaeological evidence

During the excavations, which essentially took place between 1973 and 1979, two construction phases and one repair phase were found.

Wood-earth warehouse

In the first construction phase, the fort was a rectangular wood-earth construction of no longer determinable dimensions. The corners of the fort were aligned along the four cardinal points. An 8.00 m wide and 1.25 m high wood-earth wall served as a fence, in front of which there was a simple bottom ditch 11.00 m wide and 1.25 m deep . Traces of the wooden gates were found on the north-west and north-east sides. The wood and earth fort was built in the early occupation period (around 101 to 102). Nothing is known about the occupation of this era.

Stone fort

The stone fort was rectangular in shape and had rounded corners. It had the same orientation as the wood-earth location and measured perhaps 114 m by 137 m, which corresponds to an area of ​​around 1.5 hectares. It was fenced with a 1.25 m thick wall, which was executed in the technique of Opus incertum . In front of the wall was a simple, 11 m wide and 1.25 m deep ditch. The trench was not interrupted at the gates. The corners of the wall were provided with slightly protruding, trapezoidal towers with the dimensions of 5.50 m, 6.50 m, 6.50 m and 6.50 m. The Porta praetoria (main gate) was on the northeast side. It was occupied by rectangular, slightly protruding gate towers (5.30 × 6.50 m). The gate openings had a clear width of 4.50 m, which corresponded to the widths of Via Praetoria (main warehouse street) and Via Principalis (warehouse cross street). Due to architectural features and the composition of the finds, the construction of the stone fort could roughly be dated to the middle of the second century. Furthermore, a repair phase at the beginning of the third century was determined on the defense.

The castle crew is the Cohors II Flavia Numidarum equitata Antoniana , which is documented several times in epigraphy . In addition, numerous brick stamps of the Legio XIII Gemina and an inscription from the Ala Bosporanorum came to light there.

Civil settlement

The camp village ( vicus ) stretched north of the fort , in which the living quarters of the relatives of soldiers, veterans, craftsmen, traders, innkeepers, prostitutes and other service providers were located.

Findings, whereabouts and monument protection

Although two thirds of the fort area was swept away by the floods of the Olt, remains of the fort and significant deformations of the ground are still visible in the area. The excavation finds are in the Muzeul Juderea Brasov in Brașov and in the Muzeul Tärii Fägärasului in Fägäras .

The entire archaeological site and are in particular the castle according to the adopted in 2001 Law no. 422/2001 as historical monuments under protection and are using the LMI Code BV-IsA 11277.02 in the national list of historic monuments ( Lista Monumentelor istorice ) entered . Responsible is the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii și Patrimoniului Na ,ional) , in particular the General Directorate for National Cultural Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts and the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other institutions subordinate to the Ministry. Unauthorized excavations and the export of ancient objects are prohibited in Romania.

See also

literature

  • Paul-Cristian Damian, Ovidiu Ţentea, Ioan-Carol Opriş, Florian Matei-Popescu, Vitalie Bîrcă and Dan Ştefan: Raport ştiinţific privind derularea proiectului. Strategii defensive şi politici transfrontaliere. Integrarea spaţiului Dunării de Jos în civilizaţia romană (STRATEG). Faza I. Evaluarea contextului patrimonial şi teoretizarea modelului cognitiv şi tehnologic al cercetării 1 octombrie-31 decembrie 2007 . P. 47f., Digitized .
  • Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, pp. 68f., ( Digitized version ).
  • Nicolae Gudea: The Lower Moesian Danube Limes and the defense of the Moesian north and west coast of the Black Sea . Special print from the yearbook of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Maiz , 52nd year 2005, p. 496f.
  • Nicolae Gudea: Castrul roman de la Feldioara. Incercare de monografie arheologica . Mega, Cluj-Napoca 2008. ( Review, pp. 199–205. )
  • Nicolae Gudea and I. Pop: Un castru nou descoperit in sistemul defensiv al Daciei Romane. Castrul Roman de la Feldioara . In: Pontica 10 (1977), pp. 333-343, ( digitized ).
  • Kurt Horedt: The southern Transylvanian Limes route Dacia . In: Dorothea Haupt and Heinz Günter Horn (Red.): Studies on the military borders of Rome. Lectures of the 10th international Limes Congress in the Germania inferior . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1977, ISBN 3-7927-0270-3 , pp. 331–338.
  • Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , pp. 202f.
  • Petru Ureche: Tactică, strategy și specific de luptă la cohortele equitate din Dacia Romană . ( Digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea , 1997).
  2. ↑ a b Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 68, ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ a b Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, pp. 68f., ( Digitized version ).
  4. ↑ a b Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 69, ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ AE 1991, 01333e , AE 1974, +00563 and AE 1977, 00712 .
  6. ↑ AE 1888, 00099a , AE 1888, 00099b , CIL 03, 08064,01r , CIL 03, 08064,01s , CIL 03, 08064,01t and CIL 03, 08064,01u .
  7. ↑ CIL 03, 08074.2
  8. ↑ List of historical monuments on the website of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Romanian), accessed on January 2, 2019.