Hoghiz Castle

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Hoghiz Castle
limes Dacian Limes
section A / VIII / 43
Dating (occupancy) A) 101/102 until 2nd half of 2nd century
B) 2nd half of 2nd century to 3rd century
Type A) Vexillation fort.
B) Auxiliary fort
unit A) Vexillatio of Legio XIII Gemina
B.a) Ala I Asturum
B.b) Numerus Illyricorum
B.c) Cohors III Gallorum
B.d) Numerus Palmyrenorum (?)
Be) Ala I Batavorum (?)
size A) not determined
B) 165 m × 220 m = 3.6 ha
Construction A) Wood and earth warehouse
B) Stone fort
State of preservation Remnants of masonry and significant deformations of the terrain
place Hoghiz
Geographical location 45 ° 58 '40.6 "  N , 25 ° 16' 43.7"  E Coordinates: 45 ° 58 '40.6 "  N , 25 ° 16' 43.7"  E
height 460  m
Previous Cumidava
(A / VIII / 42, south-southeast)
Fort Sânpaul
(A / VII / 34, north)
Subsequently Cincșor Castle
(A / VIII / 44, west-southwest)
Hoghiz Castle, view from Ungra (2013)
The fort was identified in the Josephinische Landesaufnahme (1780s) as the Old Castle "Rudera" ("Garbage").
The Dacian Limites

Fort Hoghiz was a Roman auxiliary troop camp in the municipality of Hoghiz (Warmbach) , Brașov district in the Romanian region of Transylvania .

Votive altar (2019).

location

In today's landscape and settlement, the former auxiliary fort is located around two kilometers west of the municipality of Hoghiz and a good kilometer southeast of the municipality of Ungra , on a river terrace on the southern bank of the Olt . In ancient times, the camp, which was large enough to accommodate several military units, was located on the border between the Roman provinces of Dacia superior and Dacia inferior and monitored an existing intersection as well as traffic between the two provinces. The former fence is still clearly visible in the area on its east and south sides.

Archaeological evidence

Archaeological excavations in Fort Hoghiz took place in 1949 (under the direction of Kurt Horedt ) and in the years 1965 to 1967 and 1975 to 1979 (both under the direction of Dumitru Protase ). A total of two construction phases could be differentiated.

Wood-earth warehouse

Presumably in the early occupation period (101/102) a wood and earth fort with a rectangular floor plan was built, the dimensions of which could no longer be determined. It was surrounded by a 11.00 m wide and 1.50 m to 2.00 m high, two-shell wood-earth wall, in front of which a simple, 4.00 m wide and 1.00 m deep trench ran as an obstacle to approach . According to brick stamps, a vexillatio of Legio XIII Gemina probably caused the occupation.

Stone fort

During the second half of the second century, the wood and earth warehouse was replaced by a stone fort. The stone fort had a rectangular floor plan of 165 m by 220 m (corresponds to 3.6 hectares) and was aligned with its rounded corners in the four directions. It was surrounded by a double wall, each 1.05 m to 1.15 m thick, at a distance of 2.80 m between them. There were no corner towers. The gates on the south and east sides could be examined. They had passages 5.50 m wide and were flanked by rectangular, slightly outwardly projecting gate towers with a floor plan of 5.50 m by 7.00 m each. Remains of the principia (staff building), the praetorium (the commandant's house) and wooden barracks could be identified from the interior . According to the finds and the architectural form of the gate structures, the stone fort was built in the second half of the second century. Construction crew and first garrison was

  • the Ala I Asturum , which is documented several times in writing.

There are also epigraphic evidence

Civil settlement

The camp village ( vicus ) stretched north of the fort , in which the living quarters of the relatives of soldiers, veterans, craftsmen, traders, innkeepers, prostitutes and other service providers were located.

Lost property and monument protection

The archaeological finds from Hoghiz were housed in the Muzeul de Istorie a Transilvaniei (Historical Museum of Trassylvaniens) in Cluj-Napoca and in the Muzeul Judejean Brasov (Museum of the Brasov County) in Brasov.

The entire archaeological site and in particular the castle are protected as historical monuments according to Law No. 422/2001 passed in 2001 and are registered with the LMI code BV-ImA-11280.02 in the national list of historical monuments ( Lista Monumentelor Istorice ) . Responsible is the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional), in particular the General Directorate for National Cultural Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts and the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other institutions subordinate to the Ministry. Unauthorized excavations and the export of ancient objects are prohibited in Romania.

See also

literature

  • Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 66f., ( Digitized version ).
  • Nicolae Gudea: The Lower Moesian Danube Limes and the defense of the Moesian north and west coast of the Black Sea . Special print from the yearbook of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Maiz , 52nd year 2005, p. 497f.
  • Kurt Horedt: The southern Transylvanian Limes route Dacia . In: Dorothea Haupt and Heinz Günter Horn (Red.): Studies on the military borders of Rome. Lectures of the 10th international Limes Congress in the Germania inferior . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1977, ISBN 3-7927-0270-3 , pp. 331–338.
  • Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , pp. 203-207.
  • Florian Matei-Popescu and Ovidiu Ţentea: The Eastern Frontier of Dacia. A Gazetteer of the Forts and Units . In Vitalie Bârcă (ed.): Orbis Romanus and Barbaricum. The Barbarians around the Province of Dacia and Their Relations with the Roman Empire . Mega Publishing House, Cluj ‑ Napoca 2016, p. 16, ( digitized version ).
  • Ovidiu Țentea: Castrul și băile romane de la Hoghiz. Result recente ale prospecțiunilor geofizice / The Roman fort and the bath at Hoghiz. Results of recent geophysical prospections . In: Cercetări Arheologice, XXIV, MNIR, 2017, pp. 135–141, ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Castra of Hoghiz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea , 1997).
  2. ↑ a b CIL 03, 00953 (dating 130).
  3. ↑ a b CIL 03, 08074.01b
  4. ↑ a b AE 1977, 00711 .
  5. ↑ a b CIL 03, 00955 and AE 1944, 00042 .
  6. ↑ a b CIL 03, 08074.02 .
  7. ↑ a b Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 66, ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 66f., ( Digitized version ).
  9. ↑ See also Dumitru Protase: Roman camps with double enclosing walls in Dacia . In: Files of the XI. International Limes Congress (Székesfehérvár, 31 August - 6 September 1976) , Budapest 1977, pp. 303-320.
  10. ↑ a b c Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 67, ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ List of historical monuments on the website of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage