Club-footed billy-goat
| Club-footed billy-goat | ||||||||||||
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Club-footed billy-goat ( Aegomorphus clavipes ) |
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| Aegomorphus clavipes | ||||||||||||
| ( Closet , 1781) |
The Keulenfüßige check Bock ( Aegomorphus clavipes ) is a beetle from the family of the longhorn beetle and the subfamily Lamiinae . Synonymous with the scientific name is Acanthoderes clavipes needed. The genus Aegomorphus is represented by three species in Europe .
The genus name Aegomorphus is from Altgr. αἴξ, αἰγός "aix, aigós" for "goat" and μορφή "morphē" for "shape" derived and means "from the shape of a goat". The synonymous generic name Acanthoderes is derived from ἄκανθα "ákantha" for "thorn" and δέρη "dére" for "neck". It refers to the pointed thorn on each side of the pronotum . The species name clavipes from ( Latin ) clāva for club and pēs for foot provides the literal translation of the name part "club foot" of the German name and refers to the club-like thickened thigh . The part of the name Scheckenbock is based on the piebald hair.
Characteristics of the beetle
The robustly built beetle reaches a length of twelve to seventeen millimeters. The top of the body is gray, brownish and black, piebald hairy. The hair falls in different directions, sometimes it runs in vertebrae. The clear dots are different on the head, pronotum and elytra.
The axis of the head runs perpendicular to the body axis, the mouthparts with the powerful upper jaws point downwards. The end part of the jaw probe is pointed (Fig. 4). The forehead is flat with a central longitudinal furrow (Fig. 2). The eyes are cut out kidney-shaped and encompass the eleven-limbed antennae a little more than halfway from behind (Fig. 5 right). In both sexes the antennae are slightly longer than the body, in the male the ninth, in the female the eleventh antenna segment. The first antenna segment is clearly constricted behind the spherical deflection into the head and then thickened in a pear shape, convex on the inside (Fig. 7, the arrow points to the constriction). The second antenna segment is short, the third longer than the fourth. From the third antenna segment onwards, the bases of the dark brown to black antenna segments appear light in a broad stripe with dense, close-fitting, short white hair, and the antennae as a whole are therefore curled. In addition, there are isolated, dark brown, bristly hairs on the underside of the antennae (Fig. 8). The puncture of the head consists of large, deep points that are irregularly scattered. The surface is very finely ribbed (shagreen) between the points.
The pronotum (Fig. 3) is significantly wider than it is long and has a sturdy, pointed spike in the middle on each side. On the top there are two blunt humps, further forward than the side thorns. The pronotum is deep but absent-mindedly punctured. The spaces in between are very fine and densely dotted. The pronotum is bordered in front and behind.
The elytra usually show three jagged, dark and incomplete transverse bars. They taper significantly towards the rear and end in a truncated manner (clearly visible from below in Fig. 4). The shoulders are raised and set off with a slight impression towards the middle. The elytra are large and deeply dotted at the base, the points flatter towards the back, but remain large. As with the pronotum, the puncture is double, with very small dots lying close together between the large dots (Fig. 9). The label is wider than long, flat and broadly rounded at the back. It is very finely dotted and haired very short and fine brown lying flat.
The legs are curled by alternating gray-white and brown-yellow, adjacent hair. As the name suggests, the legs of the club-footed billy-goat are thickened like a club. The rails of the middle pair of legs have a notch on the outside towards the end, which is surrounded by short, brush-like, black hair (Fig. 5). The apparently four-limbed tarsi are very broad (Fig. 6). The fourth segment of the tarsi is barely discernible and hidden between the lateral lobes of the third segment of the tarsi.
The sternite of the fifth abdominal ring is cut off broadly behind in the male, and more narrowed in the female.
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| Fig. 1: side view | Fig. 2: Front view | Fig. 3: Pronotum |
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| Fig. 4: underside | Fig. 5: End of the mesotibia, outside | Fig. 6: Protarsus from above |
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Fig. 7: 1st and 2nd antennae from the front arrow: constriction of the 1st antennae behind the corner on the right, right eye, left base, 3rd antennae |
Fig. 8: Inner side of the 3rd antennae, white and dark hair lying on the surface, protruding individual hairs on the underside |
Fig. 9: Dotting different sections of the wing cover A: Base; B: front, C: middle, D: back transverse tie |
Eggs
The eggs are white, elongated and rounded at the poles. They are smooth, shiny, and somewhat transparent. Its length is 1.6 millimeters, the transverse diameter is half a millimeter.
larva
The head is almost half retracted into the prothorax . The head shield between the black mandibles narrows towards the front in a trapezoidal shape. The semicircular upper lip, which is very hairy in the front half, adjoins its front edge. The feelers are short, their tips barely protrude beyond the deflection. The whitish, spherical ocelles are less than their diameter from the antenna base.
The rounded, white pronotum slopes down towards the head. It is deeply wrinkled and delimited at the side by a longitudinal fold. Tiny hairs form a thin transverse band behind the front edge, the hair is scattered on the disc.
In the middle of the mesonotum, short stiff hairs form a transverse band. The metanotum is marked by a transverse groove, behind and in front of it lies a transverse row of vesicular granules. The abdomen is covered on the sides with dense hairs. On each segment there is a field of round, shiny nodules that are used for locomotion.
Doll
The pupa is free and already reveals the compact shape of the imago and the future thorns on the sides of the pronotum. On the back side it has small, pointed outgrowths, in each of which a hair emerges. There is a sclerotized small terminal spine at the tip of the abdomen .
biology
The adults can be found from June to August mainly on felled trunks and wooden fathers in deciduous and mixed forests. In the sun they lively walk around the breeding trees. They don't visit flowers. When they feed on maturation , they eat green leaves and bark of young shoots. The females can lay many eggs. A very wide range of different deciduous trees is used as breeding trees ( oak , beech , alder , linden , hazel , birch , willow , poplar , walnut , fruit trees , fir-mistletoe ). In Central Europe oak and beech are preferred, in Asia ash and alder. When laying eggs, fresh stumps, lying trunks, strong, still barked branches with a diameter of at least twenty centimeters and trees damaged by wind breakage are sought out, at any rate drying or recently dried wood is selected.
The development takes two years. In an investigation in the Altai Mountains, the larvae hatched from the second half of June to the beginning of September, on average a little over three weeks after oviposition. The larvae eat tunnels under the bark that are still scraping the sapwood and fill the tunnels with drill dust. The beetle spends the following year as a larva. The mature larvae penetrate ten to fifteen millimeters into the sapwood and lay the pupa cradle parallel to the wood fibers. The opening to the feeding duct is closed with a nail . The doll's cradle is often angled outwards and often extends into the bark. The dolls' chambers examined were 21 to 25 millimeters long and nine to ten millimeters wide. Pupation took place after the second wintering from May to early July. The pupal stage lasted 16 days at room temperature. In the wild, the animals hatched from May to the end of July. The loophole on the bark measured an average of four by nine millimeters.
distribution
The species is distributed throughout Europe except in the British Isles and the Benelux countries . The predominantly northern European species occurs in Central Europe mainly in the mountains and is not common. In the Alps and the Carpathians, the beetle reaches the subalpine locations. In Spain , Italy and Greece the beetle is only found scattered. To the east, the distribution area stretches north of the Black Sea to the Caucasus. The species is also reported from Siberia.
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966).
- Adolf Horion: Faunistics of the Central European Beetles, Bd. XII . Überlingen-Bodensee 1974
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Aegomorphus clavipes in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 14, 2012
- ↑ Aegomorphus in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 14, 2012
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h A.I. Cherepanov: "Cerambycidae of Northern Asia - Lamiinae" EJBrill Publishing Company 2001 ISBN 90 04 09307 9
