Pine-deaf
| Pine-deaf | ||||||||||||
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Pine deaf ( Russula cessans ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula cessans | ||||||||||||
| A. Pearson |
The pine-deaf or pine-soft-deaf ( Russula cessans ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a bit larger and coarser than the very similar Fluted Soft-Täubling , but just as variable in color. The Täubling can be found in coniferous forests, especially under pines.
features
Macroscopic features
The rather fleshy hat is 3 to 6 rarely up to 8 cm wide and very variable in color. It is usually wine red or purple, but it can also be carmine red or more brown-purple, purple-brown or olive-bronze. There are also frayed greenish zones. The middle of the hat is usually darker in color, more brownish, often with olive tones and with yellowish lightening. The edge is blunt or curled and, in contrast to the grooved soft blubber, not or only very weakly and only grooved with age. The hat skin, which is shiny when young, is easy to peel off.
The whole-edged, wide or bulbous lamellae are initially ocher, but when ripe they are bright yolk to orange-yellow in color and have no brownish tones. The spore powder is also deep yellow ( IV – bc according to Romagnesi )
The slightly clubbed stem is 4 to 6, rarely up to 7 cm long and 1 to 2 cm wide. It is white and gray with age and a little when drying and then often turns grayish ocher.
The meat is cloudy, whitish and has a completely mild taste. However, it tastes unpleasant and is slowly astringent. With iron sulfate , the meat turns a faint and dirty pink color. The guaiac reaction is positive (normal or weak).
Microscopic features
The ellipsoid spores are 7 to 11 a maximum of 12 µm long and 6 to 8 rarely up to 9 µm wide. They are covered with dense, medium-sized, blunt, 0.75 to 1 µm high warts, which are usually fused into short ridges and are connected to one another via a very fine, incomplete network. The apiculus is 1.5 to 1.6 µm long and 1 to 1.5 µm wide and the 3 to 4 µm long and 2 to 2.25 µm wide hillock is often almost rectangular, quite large and clearly amyloid .
The basidia are 30 to 50 µm long and 10 to 12 µm wide. The cystids are 60 to 80 µm long and 10 rarely to 12 µm wide and protrude relatively strongly; in sulfovanillin they are only slightly stained. The cap skin has blunt, convoluted hyphae end cells that are 3 to 4 at most 5 µm wide and sometimes slightly clubbed. The 6 to 10 µm wide Pileocystiden are cylindrical to clubbed, sometimes also bulging and (0) –1–3 (–5) -fold septate .
Species delimitation
The grooved soft puff is very similar . It is a bit smaller and more fragile and its lamellae turn more brownish when ripe. The thorny warts are more isolated and further apart and are longer and more pointed.
ecology
The pine-deaf, like all deaflings, is a mycorrhizal fungus that, at least in Germany, only enters into a partnership with Scots pines .
The Täubling can be found in various forest communities such as honeygrass-birch-pedunculate oak forests with Scots pines, in Sage Gamander-Oak and Hagermoos-Scots pine forests, but also in pine and robinia-Scots pine mixed forests, as well as in acidic spruce-fir and spruce forests interspersed Scots pines. But it also occurs on raised bogs or roadsides.
The Täubling prefers dry to moderately fresh, strongly to slightly acidic, humic and usually nutrient-poor soils. The Täubling appears from late June to late October.
distribution
The pine deaf is a European species that has so far been recorded in Spain, France, the Netherlands, the Hebrides , Switzerland, Hungary, Norway and Sweden. In Germany the Täubling is rare and very loosely scattered from Lower Saxony to the Pre-Alps. In pure limestone areas it is usually completely absent.
Systematics
The pine-deaf is placed by M. Bon in the subsection Laricinae , which is subordinate to the section Tenellae . The representatives of the subsection are small to medium-sized pigeons, which usually have reddish to purple-colored hats and a mild to slightly pungent taste. The smell is weak or absent. The stems are often gray and are mostly hollow with age. They enter into a symbiosis with various conifers.
meaning
The pine blubber is edible but not very tasty. Because of its rarity, it should be better spared.
literature
- Russula cessans. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 7, 2014 .
- Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 661 (French, MycoBank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) [accessed February 7, 2014]).
- Russula cessans. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on February 7, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro- and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
- Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-443-59013-0 , pp. 46 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 62 .
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 511.
- ↑ a b c Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 55 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved March 26, 2011 .
- ^ H. Romagnesi: Russula cessans. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed March 26, 2011 (French).
- ↑ Russula cessans. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula cessans. Retrieved June 7, 2012 (Täubling rare, endangered).
- ↑ Karel Tejkal: www.myko.cz/myko-atlas - Russula cessans. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
- ↑ Russula cessans. In: GBIF Portal /data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula cessans. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Mushrooms and Fungi of Poland Index: R. (No longer available online.) In: / grzyby.pl. Archived from the original on September 14, 2011 ; Retrieved August 22, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 9, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Russula cessans. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed February 7, 2014 (English, photo and nomenclature).
- Russula cessans. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on February 7, 2014 (Italian, photos of the Kiefern-Täubling).
- Karin Montag: The pine tree blubber in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved February 7, 2014 .
