Small-flowered evening primrose

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Small-flowered evening primrose
Oenothera parviflora group, illustration

Oenothera parviflora group, illustration

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Evening primrose family (Onagraceae)
Subfamily : Onagroideae
Genre : Evening primrose ( Oenothera )
Type : Small-flowered evening primrose
Scientific name
Oenothera parviflora
L.
Flowers of an Oenothera parviflora group

The plant species small-flowered evening primrose ( Oenothera parviflora ) belongs to the genus evening primrose ( Oenothera ) within the family of the evening primrose family (Onagraceae). It comes from eastern North America . In the collective species Oenothera parviflora agg. several small types that are difficult to determine are grouped together.

description

The small-flowered evening primrose ( Oenothera parviflora s. Str.) Is a hibernating green, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 0.5 to 1.5 meters. The stem has a deep red color in the lower area. The leaf blade is lanceolate, dark green with red central veins.

The inflorescence is dense and truncated. The buds are first green, then brownish-red. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and four-fold with a double flower envelope . The four sepals are fused Roehrig. The calyx tube is 30 to 40 millimeters long. The calyx lobes, up to 3 millimeters long, are clearly separated from each other. The four petals are 6 to 12 millimeters long and wide. The flowering period extends from June to September.

The capsule fruit is 2 to 3 inches long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The small species of this collective type are therophytes to hemicryptophytes .

Occurrence

The small-flowered evening primrose comes from eastern North America . It is a neophyte that has been native to Central Europe since the 17th century. In Central Europe, the small-flowered evening primrose occurs rarely in the lowlands , especially on the coasts ( dunes ), on sandy river banks and on " weed stocks " in heaths, as well as in the sandy areas of the Lower, Central and Northern Upper Rhine ; they are very rarely found on the Main , in Franconia and in the Alpine foothills , as well as in Upper and Lower Austria and in Styria .

The small-flowered evening primrose thrives best in dry, moderately nutrient-rich soils that should be sandy or stony - gravelly and loose. It thrives in societies of the Dauco-Melilotion association, but also occurs in those of the Sisymbrion or Salsolion associations.

Systematics

The first publication of Oenothera parviflora was in 1759 by Carl von Linné . In the collective species Oenothera parviflora agg. several small types that are difficult to determine are grouped together.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Oenothera parviflora L. s. st., small-flowered evening primrose. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  689 .
  3. ↑ Oenothera parviflora - group, small-flowered evening primrose (species group). In: FloraWeb.de.

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Rothmaler : Excursion flora from Germany. 20th revised edition, Vascular Plants Baseline, 2011, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, 2nd revised edition 1994, 2000, Volume 3, ISBN 3-440-08048-X
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Web links

Commons : Small-flowered Evening Primrose ( Oenothera parviflora )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files