Tschirne
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Tschirne Czerna, Hammerbach |
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| Data | ||
| location | Lubusz Voivodeship , Poland | |
| River system | Or | |
| Drain over | Bober → Oder → Stettiner Haff | |
| origin | Confluence of the Czerna Mała and Czerna Wielka near Dolany (Zehrasche) northeast of Iłowa 51 ° 31 ′ 10 ″ N , 15 ° 13 ′ 6 ″ E |
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| muzzle | northwest of Żagań in the Bober coordinates: 51 ° 38 ′ 3 ″ N , 15 ° 18 ′ 21 ″ E 51 ° 38 ′ 3 ″ N , 15 ° 18 ′ 21 ″ E
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| length | approx. 15 km | |
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Czerna Mała Kleine Tschirne, Kleiner Hammerbach |
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| location | Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeship | |
| River system | Or | |
| source | in the municipality of Nowogrodziec 51 ° 12 ′ 47 ″ N , 15 ° 13 ′ 56 ″ E |
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| confluence | northeast of Iłowa with the Czerna Wielka to Czerna 51 ° 31 ′ 10 ″ N , 15 ° 13 ′ 6 ″ E
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| length | 37 km | |
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Czerna Wielka Great Tschirne, Great Hammerbach |
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| location | Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeship | |
| River system | Or | |
| source | near Gierałtów (Nowogrodziec municipality) 51 ° 11 ′ 6 ″ N , 15 ° 13 ′ 20 ″ E |
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| confluence | northeast of Iłowa with the Czerna Mała to Czerna 51 ° 31 ′ 10 ″ N , 15 ° 13 ′ 6 ″ E
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| length | 38 km | |
The Tschirne , also called Hammerbach (Polish: Czerna ), is a left tributary of the Bober in the Polish part of Upper Lusatia . It is created three kilometers northeast of Iłowa ( Halbau ) near the village of Zehrasche (Dolany) through the confluence of the Great and Small Tschirne rivers. The Tschirne flows after about 15 km in a northerly direction at Luthröthal about three kilometers northwest of the city of Żagań ( Sagan ) in the Bober.
Since the Middle Ages, many small iron hammers have been built along the Tschirne and its source rivers , which processed the lawn iron ore from the Görlitz Heath. Since the 19th century, their number has continued to decline because the simple systems no longer produced competitively.
Little Tschirne
The approximately 37 km long Kleine Tschirne , also known as Kleiner Hammerbach , is the left source river of the Tschirne. Its source is in Upper Lusatia north of Lubań ( Lauban ). Both Tschirnen originate in the Godzieszów ( Günthersdorf ) exclave, which was Bohemian until 1815 . You run north through the Görlitz communal heath. The towns of Węgliniec ( Kohlfurt ) and Iłowa ( Halbau ) are located on the river . Until 1491, the Kleine Tschirne formed the border between Penziger Heide and sovereign property.
Big Tschirne
The source of the Große Tschirne , also called Großer Hammerbach , is also located near Günthersdorf. The course of the river goes to the north, it runs parallel to the east of Queis at a distance of 10 km . There are no cities on the Große Tschirne. The town of Neuhaus (Nowoszów) is located on the river. It was a city founded in the 14th century, which was razed in 1369 by the Six Cities Association .
The Große Tschirne formed the border between the rule of Wehrau and the sovereign, later the Görlitz communal heath. It has a length of approx. 38 km.
In Poland, besides the rivers, there are also several places called Czerna. One of them is located on the Tschirne river in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship and belongs to the city of Nowogrodziec (Naumburg am Queis). Czerna has about 1100 inhabitants. Czerna (in German Tschirne) was renamed Tonhain in 1937. After the Second World War and the expulsion of the German population, the village and the neighboring localities were settled with Poles, who in turn were expelled from the Lviv region and Yugoslavia.