Small oak bark beetle
| Small oak bark beetle | ||||||||||||
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Taphrorychus villifrons , female (left) and male (right) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Taphrorychus villifrons | ||||||||||||
| ( Dufour , 1843) |
The small oak bark beetle ( Taphrorychus villifrons ) is a weevil from the subfamily of the bark beetle (Scolytinae). Since it creates its breeding systems in the bark of the host trees, it is counted among the bark breeders.
features
General
The beetles are 1.8 to 2.3 millimeters long and have a black-brown, shiny, cylindrical body. The pronotum is as long as it is wide, narrowing in front, with rows of fine bumps and, when viewed from above, conceals the head. Seen from below, the tip edge of the elytra is simple, immediately surrounding the abdomen . The wing covers are only very finely and indistinctly dotted at the crash. The fall has five to six at most, three to five fine bumps on the third and fifth spaces. The parallel wing covers are provided with dense rows of dots and shine. The abdomen remains straight from the second sternite towards the end. The third tarsal link is cylindrical in shape. The antennae and legs are yellow.
Male and female animals differ in appearance ( sexual dimorphism ). The fall of the males is flat, with distinct humps. The forehead is finely grained and slightly hairy. In the females, the fall is arched. Next to the seam it has an indistinct, weak furrow, is dull and has three rows of faintly visible bumps. The forehead has a thick, short, yellow fringe of hair.
distribution
The species is found in southern Europe , the Crimea and the Caucasus .
Way of life
Taphrorychus villifrons occurs on oaks ( Quercus ) and occasionally on beeches ( Fagus ), hornbeams ( Carpinus ), field maples ( Acer campestre ), elms ( Ulmus ), horse chestnuts ( Aesculus hippocastanum ), Castanea vesca , Padus and bird cherry ( Prunus avium ) in front. It colonizes the bark of the trees. The feeding pattern consists of branched mother tunnels , from which the larval tunnels branch off laterally. The animals are polygamous . There are two generations a year, the flight time is March and July.
Neozoon?
The beetle was detected for the first time in Bavaria in 2005 . It is a southern European species whose main distribution area is around the Mediterranean Sea and which radiates from the southeast via Slovakia and Hungary to Austria . The species is probably also native to Germany and is spreading in the course of global warming . As part of a LWF project, the first specimens were caught in light traps in Lower Franconia . So far only six scattered sites have become known from Germany. As these are predominantly hot spots, it can be assumed that this "new citizen" is not an introduced species, but that the beetle has always been present in small populations in suitable locations , but because of its great resemblance to the small one Beetle bark beetle ( Taphrorychus bicolor ) has not yet been recognized. Favored by global warming, it will presumably occur more frequently in higher populations and will therefore be detected more frequently. In Germany it has so far only been found on English oak. The stress for the oaks caused by drought and frequent feeding by hardwood caterpillars could be significantly increased by the increase and spread of this species.
Systematics
Synonyms
The following synonyms are known from the literature for Taphrorychus villifrons :
- Bostrichus villifrons Dufour, 1843
- Bostrichus bulmenrinqui Kolenati, 1846
- Dryocoetes capronatus Perris, 1866
- Taphrorychus roubali pepper, 1940
- Taphrorychus schimitscheki Eggers, 1940
- Taphrorychus coronatus Eggers, 1944
- Taphrorychus splendens Sokanovskiy, 1956
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Taphrorychus villifrons (Dufour 1843). Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on September 22, 2008 .
literature
- Sabine Green : Manual for the determination of the European bark beetle Verlag M. & H. Schaper, Hanover 1979, ISBN 3-7944-0103-4
- Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica - The beetles of the German Empire. Volume 5 p. 299, KG Lutz, Stuttgart 1916
- Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica - The beetles of the German Empire. 5 volumes, Stuttgart KG Lutz 1908–1916, digital library volume 134, Directmedia Publishing GmbH, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89853-534-7
Web links
- www.borkenkäfer.de Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW)