Cleopatra VI.

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Cleopatra VI. Tryphaina (* around 95 BC; † 57 (?) BC) was an Egyptian pharaoh (queen) and from around 80/79 BC The only confirmed wife of Ptolemy XII. Neos Dionysus . She gave birth to her husband's daughter Berenike IV and possibly other children, including the famous Cleopatra . It was probably made by Ptolemy XII. as a result of disputes 69 v. And only resigned after his expulsion in 58 BC. When she took over the government of Egypt with Berenike IV. As early as 57 BC But she may have died.

Life

Due to the poor sources, Cleopatra VI. Tryphaina is a very shadowy figure about whom very few reliable facts are known; many aspects of their lives are the subject of controversial theories. Even the numbering of her name assigned to her by modern research is inconsistent: Felix Stähelin and Christopher Bennett lead her as Cleopatra V, Günther Hölbl and Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones as Cleopatra VI. and finally Werner Huss as Cleopatra VII. In all sources, the epithet Tryphaina is always added; perhaps she originally ran it alone and only adopted the Cleopatra name, which has meanwhile become common for Ptolemaic queens, only after her accession to the throne.

It is also not known who the parents of Cleopatra VI. Tryphaina were. Most ancient historians, e.g. B. Werner Huss, consider her a daughter of Ptolemy IX. as well as a sister or half-sister of her husband Ptolemy XII. Christopher Bennett assumes, however, that they are the connection Ptolemy X. with Cleopatra Berenike III. has arisen.

The first reliably datable evidence of Cleopatra VI. dates from January 17th, 79 BC. Furthermore, Cleopatra VI is mentioned again. in the year 80/79 BC Known in a papyrus document . 80/79 BC BC was probably Cleopatra VI's wedding year. and Ptolemy XII, which is also indicated by a coin to celebrate the decennials of their marriage. The royal couple received cultic veneration as theoí Philopátores kai Philádelphoi ("gods who love father and siblings").

Since the end of 69 BC The name Cleopatra VI appears. no longer appears in Ptolemaic files. It was last mentioned in a Ptolemaic monument on August 8, 69 BC. BC, while her name is already in a document from November 1, 69 BC. Chr. Is missing. Although some older researchers like Felix Stähelin explained this with the assumption that Cleopatra VI. had died at that time, but modern research such as Werner Huss predominantly tends to the theory that Cleopatra VI was cast out, apparently because of violent conflicts between the royal spouses. Stähelin cites among other things as evidence of his theory that according to Porphyrios after the expulsion of Ptolemy XII. 58 BC His two daughters Cleopatra Tryphaina and Berenike IV. Had taken over the government. But since Strabo only had three daughters of Ptolemy XII. (apparently Berenike IV., Cleopatra VII. and Arsinoë IV. ), so does not know any daughter Cleopatra Tryphaina and according to the finding of the reliefs on the pylons of the temple of Edfu Cleopatra VI. 69 BC B.C. had not yet died, it seems to be certain that the rulers of the year 58/57 B.C. Were mother and daughter.

It is controversial in research whether Cleopatra VI. the mother of all known children of Ptolemy XII. was. These children were Berenike IV (* between 78 and 75 BC; † 55 BC), Cleopatra VII (* 69 BC; † 30 BC), Arsinoë IV (* between 68 and 65 BC; † 41 BC), Ptolemy XIII. (* 61 BC; † 47 BC) and Ptolemy XIV (* around 59 BC; † 44 BC).

Berenike IV. Is pretty unanimous in research for a daughter of Cleopatra VI. held, inter alia because of Strabon's remark that of the three daughters of Ptolemy XII. only the oldest, probably Berenike IV., was legitimate. This assertion, of course, implies that at least the two younger daughters of Ptolemy XII, Cleopatra VII and Arsinoe IV, would have been illegitimate. Werner Huss advocates the theory that Ptolemy XII. possibly in a - from the Greek point of view illegitimate - was married to a noble Egyptian woman from the high priestly family of Memphis . This could have been the mother of Cleopatra VII and her younger siblings. An Egyptian mother could make it easier to understand that, according to Plutarch , Cleopatra VII, in contrast to earlier Ptolemies, was fluent in Egyptian. However, there is no record of Ptolemy XII's second marriage, apart from the statement on a stele (BM 886) that the king visited Memphis with his “wives” and “children”. It is doubtful, however, that the term "women" is meant in the sense of wives; perhaps it was used to refer to ladies-in-waiting. Furthermore, Cleopatra VII was even before the alleged repudiation of Cleopatra VI. and besides, there is no suggestion in Rome's widespread hostile propaganda against Cleopatra VII that she was of illegitimate origin, although such ancestry would have been a very useful point of attack. Michael Grant , who had a simultaneous double marriage to Ptolemy XII. considers it very unlikely, therefore, concludes that Cleopatra VI. the mother of Cleopatra VII was; another woman, however, is the mother of Arsinoë IV, Ptolemy XIII. and Ptolemy XIV. Christopher Bennett, in turn, assumes that Cleopatra VI. the mother of all known children Ptolemy XII was.

If Cleopatra Tryphaina, mentioned in the above remark by Porphyry , is equated with the wife of Ptolemy XII, Cleopatra VI., As do many ancient historians (Huss, Hölbl, Bennett etc.), Cleopatra VI took over. in 58 BC After the expulsion of Ptolemy XII. by the Alexandrines, together with their daughter Berenike IV. the rule in Egypt. Papyrus documents dated twice after both queens. According to the inscription of the Edfu temple, Ptolemy XII. and Cleopatra VI. this sanctuary on December 5, 57 BC Have completed. However, Ptolemy XII was. expelled from Egypt at this time. Jan Quaegebeur suggested that the inscription did not refer to Ptolemy XII at all, but to Ptolemy X. and therefore refer to December 13, 89 BC. To be dated. According to the aforementioned note from Porphyry, Cleopatra VI. already after one year of government, i.e. 57 BC BC, died.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Felix Stähelin : Cleopatra 18). In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XI, 1, Stuttgart 1921, Col. 748-750.
  2. ↑ Christopher Bennett, Cleopatra V .
  3. ^ Günther Hölbl: History of the Ptolemaic Empire. P. 195f. u. ö.
  4. ↑ Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones: Cleopatra VI Tryphaina. In: Roger S. Bagnall et al .: The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden (MA) 2013, ISBN 9781405179355 , pp. 1568f.
  5. ↑ Werner Huss: Egypt in the Hellenistic Period 332–30 BC Chr. S. 11 u. ö.
  6. ↑ Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V. Note 1 .
  7. ↑ Werner Huss: Egypt in the Hellenistic Period 332–30 BC Chr. P. 674f. with note 16 (Cleopatra VI. Tryphaina considered to be a presumed full sister of Ptolemy XII).
  8. ↑ Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V. Notes 3, 4 and 5 .
  9. ^ Friedrich Preisigke , Wilhelm Spiegelberg : Prince Joachim-Ostraka. No. 1 (= collective book of Greek documents from Egypt (SB). Vol. 3, No. 6027).
  10. ↑ P. Giss. I 3, 99, lines 22f.
  11. ↑ Ioannis N. Svoronos : The coins of the Ptolemies. No. 1841.
  12. ↑ Werner Huss: Egypt in the Hellenistic Period 332–30 BC Chr. P. 675.
  13. ^ Wilhelm Dittenberger In: Orientis Graeci inscriptiones selectae. (OGIS) I 185.
  14. ↑ Pdem. Ashm. 16/17.
  15. ^ Felix Stähelin: Cleopatra 18). In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XI, 1, Stuttgart 1921, Col. 749.
  16. ↑ Werner Huss: Egypt in the Hellenistic Period 332–30 BC Chr. P. 679.
  17. ↑ Porphyrios at Felix Jacoby : The fragments of the Greek historians . No. 260 F 2, 14.
  18. ↑ a b Strabon, Geôgraphiká. XVII 1, 11, p. 796.
  19. ^ Günther Hölbl: History of the Ptolemaic Empire. P. 326 note 24.
  20. ↑ Werner Huss: The origin of Cleopatra Philopator. In: Aegyptus. 70, 1990, pp. 191-203.
  21. ↑ Plutarch: Antonius 27, 4f.
  22. ^ Manfred Clauss : Cleopatra. 1995, ISBN 3-406-39009-9 , p. 16.
  23. ↑ Michael Grant : Cleopatra. German 1998 edition, ISBN 3-404-61416-X , p. 15; Werner Huss. Egypt in the Hellenistic period 332–30 BC Chr. P. 705 note 2; Christopher Bennett: Ptolemy XII. Note 33 .
  24. ↑ Michael Grant: Cleopatra. P. 15f.
  25. ↑ Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V. Notes 17 and 18 .
  26. ↑ Egyptian documents from the Berlin State Museums. Greek Documents (BGU) VIII 1762.
  27. ↑ January Quaegebeur: Une scène historique méconnue au grand temple d'Edfou. In: L. Criscuolo and G. Geraci (eds.): Egitto e storia antica dall'Ellenismo all'età araba. Bologna 1989, p. 595.
  28. ↑ This year of death take z. B. Werner Huss: Egypt in the Hellenistic Period 332–30 BC Chr. , P. 692 and Günther Hölbl: History of the Ptolemy Empire. P. 201.
predecessor Office successor
Ptolemy XII Queen of Egypt
58–57 BC Chr. 		Berenike IV.
personal data
SURNAME Cleopatra VI.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cleopatra VI. Tryphaina (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wife of Ptolemy XII.
DATE OF BIRTH around 95 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH around 57 BC Chr.