Sterkrade Monastery
| Sterkrade Monastery | |
|---|---|
 Plan of the Sterkrade monastery from 1727 |
|
| location |
 Germany North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Coordinates: | 51 ° 30 '36 " N , 6 ° 50' 54.2" E |
| founding year | 1240 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1809 |
| Year of repopulation | 1898 Sisters of Divine Providence |
| Mother monastery | Duissern Monastery |
The monastery Sterkrade was a monastery of Cistercian nuns in today's district Sterkrade of Oberhausen , which in the year 1240 as a branch of the convent Duissern in Duissern was donated. It was overturned in 1809 during the Napoleonic occupation.
founding
It was founded by the noble von Hillen and von Holten families. They also promoted the monastery economically. In 1240 the abbess von Düssern Regenvidis von Hillen received the approval of the Archbishop of Cologne Konrad von Hochstaden to found a branch monastery on her family's property. Konrad von Hillen, judge in Vest Recklinghausen , a brother of the abbess, sold the Defte estate to the monastery in 1241. The monastery established there was soon abandoned. Adolph von Holten made his Sterkrade property available to the community. His heir, Mechthild von Holten, transferred her shares in the church in Sterkrade and the associated right of patronage to the monastery . She also donated land, a mill and a fish pond to the monastery. The parish church also served the nuns as a monastery church. In 1271 the monastery was officially accepted into the Cistercian order and subordinated to the Kamp monastery. Initially, the nuns came from among the daughters of the Burgmanns of Holte Castle. Bailiffs were the Counts of the Mark . In 1278 they waived their income as Vogt in favor of the monastery. The number of inmates is said to have been 20 nuns around 1280.
Late Middle Ages
The monastery became wealthy. It experienced an economic boom until the 14th century. It benefited from further donations. It owned properties in Sterkrade, Kirchhellen , Bottrop , Gladbeck , Hünxe , Dinslaken , Walsum , Holten , Beeck , Hamborn , Mülheim and Borbeck . Since 1338 the sovereignty was with the Count of Kleve .
In the time of the abbesses Lisa von Stecke (1382–1418) and Adelheid von der Hoven, monastic breeding subsided. Instead, a secularization set in.
From the 15th century onwards, the monastery was also frequently affected by destruction, looting and forced war contributions. Because of this, the community has often faced economic difficulties. The monastery buildings were rebuilt or renewed in temporary phases of the economic boom.
The situation was particularly difficult during the Soest feud . By this time monastic life had almost completely come to a standstill. Assets and possessions were pledged. Abbess Hadewigis von Loe (1461–1473) asked Pope Pius II to review all previous contracts for the transfer of assets. The Pope set up a commission to restore the former monastery property. Nothing is known about the success. The sovereigns also participated in the renewal of the property. A short time later, with the support of the sovereign, a reform of the spiritual life began, partly against the resistance of some nuns. The monastery buildings were also renewed. In 1484 the monastery church received new choir stalls. Since the end of the 15th century, church services have been held in part of the cloister.
Early modern age
Although the Duchy of Kleve became Protestant, Sterkrade Monastery remained Catholic. It is not known whether the Reformation led to nuns leaving the monastery or similar consequences. However, the abbesses had to defend themselves against Protestant-minded pastors at times. In the course of the visitations at the time of the Counter Reformation , Sterkrade was visited in 1574 by Abbot General Nicolaus Boucherat . He found a community of 14 nuns. Since it did not follow the decisions of the Council of Trent , the monastery should be reformed in its spirit.
During the Truchsessian War the monastery was destroyed again in 1583. The convent had to spend almost forty years in Holten before it was rebuilt. During this period there was no abbess between 1597 and 1617. The exam regulations were no longer strictly observed. Since then, the position under canon law has been unclear. In the following centuries, in addition to the term monastery, there was also the designation of aristocratic monastery, high aristocratic abbey, high aristocratic free monastery or free aristocratic convent. Reconstruction began in 1618. During the Thirty Years War the monastery was looted. At the end of the war, the nuns refused accommodation to the nuncio Fabio Chigi (later Alexander VII ) on his way to the peace congress in Münster . In 1663, the abbess Anna Maria von Capellen (1627–1663) was dismissed from office due to complaints from her fellow sisters.
In 1701 the eastern wing of the monastery was rebuilt. From 1738 the monastery became an important place of pilgrimage through the so-called Sterkrader miraculous image. It is modeled on the miraculous image of Mariahilf by Lucas Cranach the Elder and is still in Sterkrade today.
Dissolution of the monastery
The monastery was closed in 1809. In 1816 the monastery property was sold by the Prussian state. The Good Hope Hut Oberhausen developed on the property .
Nothing of the buildings has been preserved. A new building was erected in 1872 on the site of the old Romanesque monastery church. This was severely damaged on March 24, 1945 and later demolished. In 1953, today's third parish church of the Catholic provost St. Clemens in Sterkrade was built at this point.
Establishment of the monastery
In 1898 the Sisters of Divine Providence came to Sterkrade and moved into the monastery. They were mainly active in the nursing of the sick and the elderly and looked after the kindergarten of the St. Clemens parish.
In January 1969, part of the roof structure collapsed as a result of the severe winter. The nuns then moved into the new building behind the St. Clement's Church, which had been under construction since 1968. Due to the age structure of the sisters living here, their activities ended a few years ago. In November 2012 the sisters left the monastery.
Since May 2014, the Convent of Sisters of the Order is Medical sisters St.Joseph (Medical Sisters St. Joseph) lived in India (founded in 1947).
literature
- Christina Dickau: Cistercian Sisters in the Sterkrade Monastery . In: Origins and developments of the city of Oberhausen, sources and research on their history , Vol. 7 (2003), pp. 105–129
- Monika Elm and Willi Mattler: The Sterkrader Propsteikirche St. Clemens, formerly the abbey church of the Cistercians . Self-published, Oberhausen 2008
- Stephan Flechsig: The Cistercian monastery "Rivulus Sanctae Mariae" in Sterkrade . In: Origins and developments of the city of Oberhausen. Sources and research on their history . Vol. 1. Ed. By the Historical Society Oberhausen. Verlag Karl Maria Laufen, Oberhausen 1991, pp. 32-44
- Stephan Flechsig: The property of the Sterkrade monastery based on documentary tradition in the high and late Middle Ages . In: Origins and developments of the city of Oberhausen. Sources and research on their history . Vol. 2. Ed. By the Historical Society Oberhausen. Verlag Karl Maria Laufen, Oberhausen 1992, pp. 87–126
- Roland Günter: Oberhausen . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1975, pp. 99-104 (The monuments of the Rhineland, vol. 22)
- Wilhelm Mattler: The Sterkrader Cistercian Abbey and the Provost Church of St. Clemens . Self-published, Oberhausen 1994
- Andreas Möhlig: Reformatio and reclusio. The Cistercian convent of Sterkrade in the late Middle Ages . In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine 212 (2009), pp. 71–97
- Günter von Roden: The dioceses of the church province of Cologne. The Archdiocese of Cologne IV. The Cistercian monasteries of Saarn, Duissern, Sterkrade . Berlin, 1984, ISBN 978-3-11-009831-0 (Germania Sacra NF. Vol. 18)
- Wilhelm Seipp: Oberhausen homeland book . Published by the city of Oberhausen. Self-published, Oberhausen 1964, pp. 122–129
Web links
- AU Lindemann (PDF; 257 kB)
- Entry on Kamp's daughters