Monastery ob der Schutter (Ingolstadt)
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The monastery ob der Schutter was a monastery of the Augustinian hermits (since 1827 the Franciscans ) in Ingolstadt in the diocese of Eichstätt . The monastery church of Our Lady ob der Schutter , rebuilt from 1736 to 1740 , was one of the most important works of Johann Michael Fischer . After severe bomb damage in World War II and a controversy over several years about the preservation of the church, the entire complex was cleared in 1950.
location
The Augustinian monastery was located on the south-eastern edge of Ingolstadt's old town near the watering gate of the city wall. The complex, consisting of the church, a four-wing convent and a garden, comprised a complete block of houses between Augustinergasse in the north, the toll road in the east and Schutterstrasse in the south. The Schutter river , which gives it its name, was preserved above ground here along the monastery wall into the 20th century. Immediately to the west was the development of today's town hall square with the former salt barn.
Today, the so-called Viktualienmarkt extends over the area that remained undeveloped after the war with the exception of a few permanently installed market stalls and kiosks . With the construction of the New Town Hall and the adjoining Sparkasse, the street layout was changed after 1945, so that the former Augustinergasse has now completely disappeared.
history
Marienkirche and Kaplanei in the former Jewish quarter
The oldest part of the complex is the church , which existed long before the monastery was founded. It was built as early as 1397 in place of the demolished synagogue in the middle of the former Jewish quarter, which had been depopulated since the persecution of the Jews in 1384 , from a foundation by Duke Stephen the Kneißel . The complex consisted of a single-nave church, a beneficiary's house and a small walled cemetery, which has only appeared in the sources since 1603.
Takeover by the Augustinians and creation of the Marian pilgrimage
It was founded in 1606 by Duke Maximilian of Bavaria , and the Bishop of Eichstätt transferred the church to the Augustinian Father Augustin Fuess. The Augustinian hermits were temporarily housed in the benefit house. In 1665 a new residential wing was built, which was kept very simple according to the rules of the order . The elevation of the monastery to a regular convent did not take place until 1685 with the support of the Bavarian Elector Max Emmanuel and against the will of the Eichstätter cathedral chapter , which saw its influence in Ingolstadt endangered.
The pilgrimage to the so-called Schuttermother , a late Gothic statue of the Madonna from around 1410/20, was also made during this time. In order to promote the new pilgrimage and thus increase the income from the indulgence , the Augustinian hermits spread a fictitious legend according to which the said Madonna was desecrated by the local Jews in the late 14th century. After the figure's head had been cut off and the pieces thrown into the Danube , the statue was miraculously washed up on the bank of the Schutter. The existing seam on the neck of Mary is more likely due to a reworking in the 17th century when the figure was placed on the north side altar of the Augustinian Church.
Secularization and Revival
The monastery of the Augustinian Hermits on the site of today's Viktualienmarkt was dissolved in 1802 in the course of secularization . The Augustinians had to leave the monastery. The building was assigned to Franciscans as an extinction monastery. In 1827, however, the continued existence of the Franciscan monastery was secured.
Monastery church
Baroque new building
From 1736 to 1740 a new pilgrimage and monastery church was built by Johann Michael Fischer.
destruction
In a heavy air raid on April 9, 1945, large areas of the old town in the south and east of the Rathausplatz were severely damaged (see the article Air raids on Ingolstadt ). The Augustinian Church suffered a direct hit from an explosive bomb that penetrated the vaults and roof structure. As a result of the explosion, the monastery buildings including the church choir were completely destroyed, the central axis of the north longitudinal facade of the nave and the vaults collapsed. 73 people were killed in the crypt , which was used as an air raid shelter .
After the ruins were demolished, the Franciscans moved to their original monastery building on Schrannenstrasse .
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Stössl 1995, pp. 119–121.
literature
- Karlheinz Hemmeter: "Bold and regal, the swinging walls strive upwards". On the fate of the former Augustinian Hermit Monastery in Ingolstadt . In: Monuments in Bavaria . tape I.1 / 1 . Karl M. Lipp, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-87490-583-7 , p. CLXXII-CXCIV .
- Bernhardin Lins: History of the former Augustinian and current Franciscan monastery in Ingolstadt . In: Collection sheet of the historical association in and for Ingolstadt . tape 39 , 1919, ISSN 1619-6074 , p. V-183 .
- Marianne Stössl: Maria Schutter - "Schutter mother". On the genesis of an Ingolstadt cult . Munich 1995 (Diss. Phil. Ludwig Maximilian University Munich 1979).
Web links
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Ingolstadt, Kloster od Schutter , basic data and history:
Laura Scherr: The monastery on the Schutter? Augustinian hermits and Franciscans in Ingolstadt in the database Monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
Coordinates: 48 ° 45 ′ 46.7 " N , 11 ° 25 ′ 34" E