Cockade flowers
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Cockade flower ( Gaillardia pulchella ) |
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The plant genus Gaillardia ( Gaillardia ), also parrot flowers or painting flowers , belongs to the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). There are 15 to 29 species from the United States to southern South America and many hybrids . The generic name honors the French nobleman and amateur botanist Antoine René Gaillard de Charentonneau (approx. 1720-?).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Cockade species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants or subshrubs . The alternate leaves are stalked or sessile. The leaf blades are mostly simple; they can also be feathered. The leaf margins are serrated or smooth.
Generative characteristics
The cup-shaped inflorescences are individually on the stem . There are bracts. The flower baskets contain on the outside a wreath with 5 to 15 (may be missing) zygomorphic ray- flowers (= ray-flowers) and inside 20 to over 100 radial symmetrical , fertile tubular flowers (= disc- shaped flowers ). The achenes have a pappus .
Systematics and distribution
The genus Gaillardia was established by Auguste Denis Fougeroux de Bondaroy .
There are 15 to 29 species of Gaillardia (selection):
- Summer Blanket ( Gaillardia aestivalis (Walter) H.Rock , Syn .: Helenium aestivale Walter , Gaillardia aestivalis var. Flavovirens (C.Mohr) Cronquist , Gaillardia chrysantha Small , Gaillardia fastigiata Greene , Gaillardia lanceolata Michaux , Gaillardia lanceolata var. Fastigiata ( Greene) Waterfall , Gaillardia lanceolata var. Flavovirens C. Mohr , Gaillardia lutea Greene ): Home is Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina.
- Gaillardia amblyodon Gay : It occurs on sandy soils in Texas .
- Prairie cockade flower ( Gaillardia aristata Pursh ): It is common in Canada and the United States. In Europe and South America it is a neophyte .
- Gaillardia arizonica A.Gray : It occurs at altitudes of 300 to 1200 meters in the US states of Arizona, Nevada, Utah and in the Mexican state of Sonora .
- Gaillardia coahuilensis B.L. Turner : This annual plant is native to Texas and the Mexican state of Coahuila .
- Gaillardia comosa A.Gray : It occurs in northern Mexico.
- Gaillardia megapotamica (Spreng.) Baker : It occurs in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.
- Gaillardia mexicana A. Gray : It occurs in Mexico.
- Gaillardia multiceps Greene : It occurs on gypsum floors at altitudes of 1100 to 1800 meters in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.
- Gaillardia parryi Greene (Syn .: Gaillardia acaulis A. Gray ): It occurs at altitudes of 1200 to 2000 meters in Arizona and Utrah.
- Gaillardia pinnatifida Torrey (Syn .: Gaillardia flava Rydberg , Gaillardia gracilis A.Nelson , Gaillardia mearnsii Rydberg , Gaillardia pinnatifida var. Linearis (Rydberg) Biddulph ): It thrives at altitudes between 900 and 2000 meters in Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico , Oklahoma, Texas and Utah and in the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango and Sonora.
- Short-lived cockade flower ( Gaillardia pulchella Foug .; Syn .: Gaillardia drummondii (Hooker) de Candolle ; Gaillardia neomexicana A. Nelson ; Gaillardia picta D. Don ; Gaillardia pulchella var. Australis B. L. Turner & M. Whalen ; Gaillardia pulchella var. Picta (D . Don) A. Gray ): Her home is the USA, where she thrives at altitudes between 0 and 1800 meters, as well as the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora and Tamaulipas.
- Gaillardia spathulata A.Gray : It thrives in Colorado and Utah at altitudes between 1200 and 2400 meters.
- Radiant cockade flower or fragrant cockade flower ( Gaillardia suavis (A.Gray & Engelmann) Britton & Rusby ): It thrives at altitudes between 30 and 800 meters in Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas and in the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas.
Hybrid:
- Gaillardia × grandiflora van Houtte (= Gaillardia aristata × Gaillardia pulchella )
use
As ornamental plants , hybrids are suitable for large flower beds . Some varieties of cockade flowers that reach heights of 30 to 50, rarely up to 80 centimeters, are long-lasting cut flowers . Often the cup-shaped inflorescences have a red raised disc in the middle. The single flowers are usually red or yellow. The flowering period is from the beginning of June to October.
photos
Prairie cockade flower ( Gaillardia aristata ):
illustration
swell
- Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae. : Gaillardia , p. 421 - same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 19, 20 and 21 - Magnoliophyta: Asteraceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, June 30, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530565-5 . (Sections Description and Distribution)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ↑ a b c d e Gaillardia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
