Koluszki
| Koluszki | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Łódź | ||
| Powiat : | Łódzki wschodni | ||
| Gmina : | Koluszki | ||
| Area : | 9.41 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 45 ′ N , 19 ° 49 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 12,977 (June 30, 2019) | ||
| Postal code : | 95-040 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 44 | ||
| License plate : | ELW | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Warsaw - Łódź | ||
| Rail route : | Skierniewice – Czestochowa | ||
| Next international airport : | Łódź | ||
Koluszki [ kɔˈluʃci ] is a city in Poland in the Łódź Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 23,367 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
history
The first written mention of the place comes from the year 1399. Around the 14th and 15th centuries the place was on a trade route between the Baltic Sea and Russia . Around 1790 there was a mill, a sawmill, a brewery and an inn in the village. In 1793, as part of the Second Partition of Poland , the settlement became part of Prussia . With the establishment of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 Koluszki became part of it and in 1815 part of Congress Poland . On September 2, 1846, the place was connected to the rail network. With the flowering of nearby Łódź , a direct train connection there became of great economic importance. On November 19, 1865, the first train ran from Koluszki to the Manchester of Poland , Łódź. Further connections followed and so the place became a regional transport hub. At the beginning of the 20th century, about half of the jobs in the town came from rail transport. The rest of the urban development was also largely influenced by the railway operations and the city developed mainly along the railway line and around the stop. In 1904 a parish was founded. Around this time a watchtower was built to monitor fires and there was a first volunteer fire brigade . The upswing at the beginning of the 20th century was slowed down by the First World War , but continued unabated afterwards. During the Second World War , a ghetto was built in the place by the National Socialists in 1941 , which was dissolved a year later. The occupation of the city ended on January 18, 1945. In 1949 Koluszki received city rights.
Place name
The origin of the name has not been finally clarified. One theory is that the original owner was called Koluch and his son was called Koluszek in the diminutive form . Another version is that the fish, which were called Koluszka (presumably an outdated regional Polish term for three-spined sticklebacks ) and were often found in the area, were namesake.
Population development
| year | 1775 | 1883 | 1930s | 1945 | 2007 |
| population | 141 | 399 | 3,557 | 6,874 | 13,376 |
local community
The city-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Koluszki with an area of 157.1 km² includes the city itself and 24 villages with school boards.
traffic
The Łódź – Koluszki railway and a connecting track to the Łódź – Dębica railway branch off from the Warszawa – Katowice railway at Koluszki station .
