Konstantin Tornikes (Sebastokrator)

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Konstantin Tornikes ( Middle Greek Κωνσταντίνος Τορνίκης ; * around 1220; † around 1274) was a Byzantine military leader, governor and sebastocrator .

Life

Konstantin Tornikes came from the Georgian noble family of the Tornikioi , who had belonged to the top of the Byzantine military aristocracy since the 10th century. His father was Demetrios Komnenos Tornikes . His older daughter was married to the Sebastokrator Johannes Dukas Palaiologos , brother of Emperor Michael VIII. , His younger daughter to a son of Michael II of Epirus .

Nothing is known about Constantine's childhood and youth; his family had estates in the Smyrna area . Under Emperor John III. Dukas Batatzes, he held the dignity of a Megas Primikerios . In spring 1255 Tornikes moved on behalf of Emperor Theodors II. Laskaris together with Alexios Strategopulos from Serres to Zepina against the Bulgarians who invaded the Rhodope Mountains under Tsar Michael II Assen . The two generals suffered heavy losses without fighting. They resisted a renewed order from the emperor to take the field again against the Bulgarians. Tornikes has been tried for lese majesty ; in this context he was probably also removed from office.

After Michael Palaiologos took power in the Nikaia Empire in 1258 , Konstantin Tornikes applied for the guardianship of the underage heir to the throne, John IV Laskaris . In September 1259 he was promoted to Sebastokrator, but did not receive the same privileges as his son-in-law. In the summer of 1261 he sided with the deposed Patriarch Arsenios Autoreianos and demanded that he be reinstated. In 1264 Tornikes, at that time Eparch of Constantinople , went on the orders of the emperor against the Megas Chartophylax of Hagia Sophia , Theodoros Xiphilinos , and the later Patriarch John XI. Bekkos before. From 1266 to 1267 he was the governor (kephalatikeuōn) in Thessaloniki . He died around 1274.

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literature

  • Hélène Ahrweiler : L'Histoire et la Géographie de la région de Smyrne entre les two occupations turques (1081-1317) (= Travaux et mémoires . Vol. 1). Center de recherche d'Histoire et Civilization de Byzance, Paris 1965, p. 149.
  • Dimiter Angelov: Imperial ideology and political thought in Byzantium, 1204-1330. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007, ISBN 978-0-521-85703-1 , pp. 49, 209-210, 395.
  • Michael Angold: A Byzantine Government in Exile. Government and Society under the Laskarids of Nicaea, 1204-1261 . Oxford University Press, London 1975, ISBN 0-19-821854-0 , pp. 77, 82, 91, 187, 292-293.
  • Franz Dölger (Ed.): From the treasure chambers of the Holy Mountain. 115 documents and 50 document seals from 10 centuries. Text tape / table tape. Münchner Verlag, Munich 1948, p. 34.
  • Franz Dölger: Παρασπορά. 30 essays on the history, culture and language of the Byzantine Empire. Buch-Kunstverlag, Ettal 1961, p. 181.
  • Albert Failler: Chronologie et composition dans l'Histoire de Georges Pachymérès. In: Revue des études byzantines. Vol. 38, 1980, ISSN  0766-5598 , pp. 5-103, here: pp. 49-64 passim ; Vol. 39, 1981, pp. 145-249, here: p. 157.
  • Божидар Ферјанчић: Деспоти у Византији и Јужнословенским земљама (= Посебна издања . Vol. 336; Византолошки институт Vol. 8.). Српска академија наука и уметности, Београд 1960, p. 37.
  • Божидар Ферјанчић: Севастократори у Византији . In: Зборник радова Византолошког института . Vol. 11, 1968, ISSN  0584-9888 , pp. 141-192 ( PDF file; 4.0 MB ), here: pp. 177-180.
  • Deno John Geanakoplos: Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West 1258-1282. A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1959.
  • Ljubomir Maksimović: The Byzantine provincial administration under the Palaiologoi. Adolf M. Hakkert, Amsterdam 1988, ISBN 90-256-0968-6 , pp. 30, 110.
  • Gudrun Schmalzbauer: The Tornikioi in the time of the palaeologists. In: Yearbook of Austrian Byzantine Studies . Vol. 18, 1969, pp. 115-135.
  • Erich Trapp , Hans-Veit Beyer, Ioannes G. Leontiades, Sokrates Kaplaneres: Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit . 12. Fascicle: Τοβλάταν - Ωράνιος (= Publications of the Commission for Byzantine Studies . Vol. 1/12). Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-7001-2072-9 , pp. 19-20 No. 29129.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ See Geanakoplos, Emperor , p. 62.
  2. ↑ See PLP 12, p. 19.
  3. ↑ See Ферјанчић, Севастократори, p. 177.
  4. ↑ See Angelov, Imperial ideology , p. 395.
  5. ↑ See PLP 12, p. 19.
personal data
SURNAME Constantine Tornikes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Κωνσταντίνος Τορνίκης (Middle Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Byzantine general and governor, Sebastokrator under Emperor Michael VIII. Palaiologos
DATE OF BIRTH around 1220
DATE OF DEATH around 1274