Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Julia

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Julia mine shafts Sobótka (left) and Julia (right)

The hard coal mine Julia (Polish: Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Julia ) is a coal mine closed in 1996 in Weißstein ( Biały Kamień (Wałbrzych) ), a district of Wałbrzych , (German: Waldenburg), Poland. Today it is the core of the Museum of Industry and Technology in Wałbrzych.

history

The mine, which was named Thorez from 1950 to 1993 in honor of Maurice Thorez , the leader of the French Communist Party , has evolved over time from the merger of the independent mines Fuchs , David / Tytus , Blessing God / Chwalibóg and Caesar / Tereza originated. 

Consolidated fox

As court records show, there had been small pits in the area of ​​Weißstein since 1561, which mined coal near the surface . Furthermore, there is a document from the year 1577 by Emperor Rudolf II, which confirms the coal mining in this region. Due to the revised mining law for the Duchy of Silesia and the Land of Glatz, the Fuchs ( Lage ) union was founded on May 23, 1770 with 128 Kuxen . It initially comprised 13 businesses and had an entitlement of 20,574 m². In the following years the coal fields "Maximilian" (awarded in 1843), "Hochwald" (1856), "Fuchsberg" (1843), "Dorf" (1856), "Friedrich Wilhelm" (tunnel mining; awarded in 1800) were added. Further field awards were "Golden Sun" (1803), "Eduard" (1828), "New Caution" (1860) and "Unity" (1860). All of these fields were owned by the Fuchs union.

Although numerous layers of the coal-bearing seams were unsuitable for construction, the coal thickness was 22.5 m worth building by 1912 .

In the first half of the 19th century, the open-cast mine at the Hans-Heinrich ( Lage ) plant reached a depth of 44 meters and was thus on the same level as the Fuchsgrube. In the second half of the century, coal mining also took place in the fields "Anna", "Froheansicht", "Emilie", "Louise Charlotte" and "Ottilie". The excavation of a tunnel for the transport of coal and mountains between 1792 and 1794 is remarkable . As a result, 52.4% of the production in 1807 was brought to the surface by water, 16.2% with a winch and 31.4% via a shaft with a horse peg upscale . The fresh air was supplied with the help of weather ovens , the pit water flowed off via tunnels.

Hans Heinrich shaft / Jan

Transition to civil engineering

The transition to civil engineering took place in 1865 when the "Julius" shaft was sunk and a Malakow tower was added . "Julius" was both a production and a drainage shaft. Four years later they built 55 m to the southwest bay "Ida" (later "Sobótka"), 1887 was added as a third well "steam", which means of heat weather took off. These shafts also had Malakov towers made of bricks. With increasing depth , steel headframes were pulled into this for "Julia" in 1893 and for "Ida / Sobótka" in 1903 . The "Bohrschacht" and the "Schacht am Fuchsberge" also belonged to the main system; they served next to the "steam shaft" for weather control.

Two other shafts formed a separate outdoor facility, "Hans-Heinrich", which was sunk in the 1960s and reached a depth of 113 meters, and "Bolko".

In 1912 the mine had four levels : 1st level 105 m, 2nd level 155 m, III level 210 m and IV level 265 m.

In addition to the Hans-Heinrich outdoor facility, another mine was built from 1896 onwards, which had dry separation and a coal washing facility. In addition to the "Bismarck" conveyor and cable car shaft (210 m depth up to level III), the Bismarck underground construction also included the "Gustav" (129 m) and "Oswald" (93 m) shafts for ventilating the eastern field. With the construction of this modern civil engineering system, the funding could be stopped on Hans Heinrich . "Hans Heinrich" himself served in the future as a cable car for the western pit field and "Bolko" became an extending weather shaft.

In 1907 a coking plant with 60 coke ovens from the Koppers system was built. The by-products produced crude benzene, tar and sulfuric acid ammonia.

Several extensions were made in parallel. In 1890 the union acquired the "Morgenstern" and "Abendstern" coal fields, in 1907 the David mine and in 1922 the merger took place with God's blessing .

With these enlargements, there was also a change of ownership in 1920. Both Fuchs and David were taken over by the Schering company and brought into the Upper Silesian coke works and chemical factories . The worsening economic situation led to further concentrations in the Waldenburg hard coal mining. The "Kokswerke und Chemischen Fabriken", the "Rütgerswerke AG Berlin" and the Glückhilf-Friedenshoffnung union founded the "Lower Silesian Mining AG Waldenburg (NIBAG)" in 1928, in which the mine remained until the end of the Second World War. Because the occupation of Wałbrzych by Soviet troops at the end of the war took place without a fight, there was no war-related destruction and production could be continued quickly. On July 11, 1945, Polish authorities took over the management of all the mines in the Lower Silesian mining area . The fox pit was named Julia from July 1945 to January 1946 , then Biały Kamień until 1950 and Thorez from 1950 to 1993 .

Shortly after the war, coal was still largely built from very low seams (80% of the production) before the decision was made to reduce this to 30% as part of rationalization measures. Problems arose not only from the low thickness of the seams, but also from the fact that 46% (value for 1975) of the coal deposit had to be left as a safety pillar to protect the shaft columns and the communal buildings. After the stocks at the -150 meter level were largely exhausted in the early 1970s, no new level was excavated. This not only worsened the production result, but also caused considerable problems with the ventilation. However, this could be solved by adding high-performance fans to the extending "Wieslaw", "Wanda" and "Ewa" ventilation shafts and turning "Jan" (formerly "Hans Heinrich") into the retracting ventilation shaft.

After the introduction of the free market economy in Poland in 1990, the Lower Silesian mines only proved to be competitive to a very limited extent. Although all mines in Wałbrzych were merged in the "Wałbrzyskie Kopalnie Węgla Kamiennego" (WKWK) to increase their effectiveness, the closure could only be delayed. Fuchs / Thorez / Julia ended his sponsorship in September 1996. All shafts were destroyed by blasting. After extensive and sometimes very elaborate restorations, the mine with its daytime facilities can now be visited as a museum for industry and technology.

David mine Titus mine

David / Tytus

The lending of coal fields in Konradsthal / Konradów near Bad Salzbrunn ( Szczawno-Zdrój ) to a miller named Demuth took place on December 9, 1789. The pit was named David ( location ). In 1840 City Councilor Treutler is named as the owner, later the "Union David".

At the end of the nineteenth century, the mine was expanded to include the "Emilie Anna", "David's accessories", "Desired Future" and "Reinhold" mine fields.

Until 1894, the coal could be loosened through tunnels, of which the David tunnel was the deepest. By sinking the Titus shaft, it was also possible to mine seams that had previously been under the floor of the David adit . From 1894 , the water was kept via the Titus shaft. The coal that was still extracted from the David tunnel was transported to him by cable car.

In 1907 119 of the 122 Kuxe of the "Union David" were bought up by the Fuchsgrube and it was merged with this neighboring mine; but the pit kept his name David . It was not changed from David to Tytus until 1950 . A hammer-head-like concrete tower over the "Tytus" shaft as well as individual buildings of the daily facility have been preserved .

Chwalibóg shaft I.

Blessing of God / Chwalibóg

The coal mine Segen Gottes ( Lage ) in the Altwasser district of Wałbrzych has existed since 1594. In the eighteenth century it belonged to the Count of Chamaré before it was bought by Mutius' city councilor in 1751. In 1770 it was named the Blessing of God and six years later it was merged with the Tempel Mine . Later the coal fields "Caspar" (1773), "Joseph" (1798), "Theresia" (1787), "Weißig" (1776), "Franz Joseph" (1821) and "Daniel" (1853) were added. The consolidation of these plants to "Consolidierte Segen Gottes Grube" took place in 1837; its authorized area was 6.08 km².

In 1896 the von Kulmizsche hard coal mines acquired the mine as well as the neighboring mines Caesargrube and the hard coal mine of Kulmiz . In 1922 Segen Gottes became the property of the Schering company and in 1928 it became part of the Lower Silesian Mining AG Waldenburg (NIBAG). A short time later (1929) the merger with Fuchs also took place .

In 1912 the mine had a shaft system on its border with the Fuchsgrube with shafts I (312 m deep) and II (380 m deep). Shaft I was used for rope travel and the extraction of the IV. Level (312 m depth), II the extraction of the III. (170 m), V. (351 m) and VI. Sole (422 m). Shaft II also served as an extending weather shaft. In the eastern part of the field, the "Schuckmannschacht" (244 m) was used for rope travel and ventilation .

After the Second World War, the mine was named Chwalibóg . Most of the buildings were demolished in the 90s of the last century. Only a strut frame over shaft 1 and individual smaller buildings remained.

Caesar Pit / Tereza

In 1833 the coal fields "Alte Gnade Gottes" (awarded in 1771), "Bergrecht" (1772), "Glückauf" (1773), "Neue Gnade Gottes" (1776) and "Caesar" (1797), some of which had been awarded a long time before, became the Mine Newly consolidated Caesar mine in the Reussendorf / Rusinowa district of Waldenburg / Wałbrzych united ( location ). The authorized area was 4.1 km².

In 1912 the coal seams were opened up by the "Theresienschacht" (312 m depth). It served as a haulage, ropeway and drainage shaft. The weather shaft was "Jakob".

Later, the mine belonged as well as her mark distinguishing pit blessing of God to the Kulmizschen of coal mines, but was not like this the Fuchsgrube slammed, but in 1921 by the family Hochberg acquired.

On March 10, 1925, the mine was temporarily shut down and the plant drained .

Tereza shaft

In 1945, the restart was started and the facility was added to the Fuchs / Julia / Thorez mine . At this time the name change from Caesar to Tereza took place . Today there is only a steel headframe pulled into a Malakow tower.

Funding figures

  • Fuchsgrube / Thorez 1806: 16,100 t; 1840: 40,900 t; 1858: 205,000 t; 1875: 506,172 t; 1912: 796,793 tons; 1923: 675,000 t; 1937: 1.46 million t; 1970: 653,229 t; 1979: 667,645 t; 1985: 490,461 t; 1990: 315.205 tons
  • David / Tytus 1840: 16,000 t; 1858: 3,000 t; 1912: 165,293 tons
  • Blessing of God / Chwalibóg 1859: 49,400 t; 1912: 150,695 tons
  • Caesargrube / Tereza 1860: 1,900 t; 1912: 90,332 tons

Remarks

  1. ↑ Yearbook Oberbergamt p. 251
  2. ^ Piątek. Historia. P. 7
  3. ↑ Yearbook Oberbergamt p. 251
  4. ^ Piątek. Historia. P. 14
  5. ^ Piątek. Historia. P. 18
  6. ^ Piątek. Historia. P. 35
  7. ↑ see http://www.starakopalnia.pl/ (accessed March 1, 2017)
  8. ↑ Yearbook Oberbergamt p. 253
  9. ↑ Yearbook Oberbergamt, p. 394
  10. ↑ Yearbook Oberbergamt, p. 395

 

swell

Web links

Commons : Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Julia  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files