Cosmos
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Cosmos variety 'Strawberry Chocolate' |
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The Kosmeen ( Cosmos ), also Cosmos called, are a genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The approximately 26 species are distributed in tropical to subtropical areas of the New World . Many varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
description
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Vegetative characteristics
Cosmos species and cultivars are usually annual, more rarely perennial herbaceous plants or rarely subshrubs . Depending on the species, they can reach heights of 30 to 250 centimeters. The perennial species form tubers or tuberous, thickened rhizomes as persistence organs. The upright to creeping stems are unbranched or branched.
The real against constantly distributed, mostly on the stems are arranged leaves are stalked or sessile. The leaf blade is divided one to three pinnate . The partial leaflets usually have a smooth edge.
Generative characteristics
The cup-shaped inflorescences stand together on long, slender inflorescence stalks individually or in umbrella -shaped entire inflorescences . The mostly eight (rarely five to seven) bracts are more or less in two rows. The inflorescence base is usually flat.
The flower baskets rarely contain none or five, mostly eight (with so-called filled varieties, there are more) tongue and mostly 10 to 20, rarely up to more than 80 tubular flowers . The zygomorphic ray florets are asexual and can be pink to purple or yellow to orange to red. The radially symmetrical tubular flowers are hermaphroditic and all fertile ; they are all yellow or rarely orange. The short corolla tube of the tubular flower ends in five coronet teeth. The stamens are hairy near the anthers .
The dark brown to black achenes usually have a pappus of two to four, rarely up to eight bristles in the form of barbs; bristles are seldom formed.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Cosmos was established in 1791 by Antonio José Cavanilles . The generic name Cosmos is derived from the Greek word kosmos for "harmoniously ordered universe" or kosmo for ornament. The genus Cosmos belongs today to the tribe Coreopsideae in the subfamily of the Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae).
The genus Cosmos is common in tropical to subtropical areas of the New World . The center of biodiversity is Mexico. Of the approximately 26 species, only four are found in North America. Some species are used as ornamental plants and have then become feral in many parts of the world.
There are about 26 species of Cosmos :
- Chocolate cosmos ( Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Voss )
- Ornamental basket or common cosmos ( Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. ): The range extends from Arizona to Mexico .
- Cosmos carvifolius Benth. : It was first described from Mexico.
- Cosmos caudatus Kunth : It iswidespreadfrom North to Central and South America .
- Cosmos concolor Sherff
- Cosmos crithmifolius Kunth
- Cosmos deficiens (Sherff) Melchert
- Cosmos diversifolius Otto ex Otto : It is widespread from Mexico to Guatemala.
- Cosmos gracilis Sherff
- Cosmos herzogii Sherff
- Cosmos intercedens Sherff
- Cosmos jaliscensis Sherff
- Cosmos juxtlahuacensis Panero & Villaseñor
- Cosmos landii Sherff
- Cosmos langlassei (Sherff) Sherff
- Cosmos linearifolius (Sch.Bip.) Hemsl.
- Cosmos longipetiolatus Melchert
- Cosmos mattfeldii Sherff
- Cosmos mcvaughii Sherff
- Cosmos microcephalus Sherff
- Cosmos modestus Sherff
- Cosmos montanus Sherff
- Cosmos nelsonii B.L.Rob. & Fernald
- Cosmos nitidus Paray
- Cosmos ochroleuciflorus Melchert
- Cosmos pacificus Melchert
- Cosmos palmeri B.L. Rob.
- Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) Pers. : It is common in Colorado , Arizona, Texas , New Mexico, and Mexico.
- Cosmos peucedanifolius Wedd.
- Cosmos pilosus Kunth
- Cosmos pringlei B.L.Rob. & Fernald
- Cosmos purpurens Sherff
- Cosmos purpureus (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hemsl.
- Cosmos reptans Benth.
- Cosmos scabiosoides Kunth
- Cosmos schaffneri Sherff
- Cosmos scherfii Melchert
- Cosmos sessilis Sherff
- Cosmos sherffii Melchert
- Cosmos steenisiae Veldkamp
- Yellow cosm ( Cosmos sulphureus Cav. ): It occurs in Mexico and perhaps also in northwestern South America.
- Cosmos tenellus Kunth : It was first described from Mexico.
use
From Cosmos there are a number of hybrids cultivated varieties , as ornamental plants are used in many colors and color combinations. In Europe they bloom from summer to autumn , but are not hardy.
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- Robert W. Kiger: Cosmos , p. 203 - same text online as printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 21 - Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3 (Heliantheae, Eupatorieae) , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford. June 30, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530565-5 . (Sections Description and Systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Cosmos in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
- ↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask for The Global Compositae Checklist .
- ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 257).
