Shiny copper pants hummingbird

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Shiny copper pants hummingbird
Shiny copper pants hummingbird

Shiny copper pants hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Haplophaedia
Type : Shiny copper pants hummingbird
Scientific name
Haplophaedia aureliae
( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846)

The copper-luster hummingbird ( Haplophaedia aureliae ) or the colorful hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large distribution area that extends over the countries of Panama , Colombia and Ecuador . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The copper-gloss hummingbird with shorts reaches a body length of approx. 9.1 cm, with the straight beak being approx. 2 cm long. The top and bottom of the male is predominantly green, the head is copper-green, the rump is light copper-bronze. The underside looks a bit duller in terms of color, merges into gray and turns dirty gray-white on the rear underside. The birds have buff-colored to white tufts of feathers on their legs, but these can hardly be seen in the wild. The slightly forked tail is blue-black. The females are very similar, appearing overall a bit more blunt. The bottom has more shades of gray. The tufts of legs are whiter, so that they are a little more noticeable than in the males. Both sexes have a white point behind the eye.

behavior

Usually the birds are seen gathering alone on a small group of flowers or on the leaves of plants of the lower strata . They are also rarely out and about in the higher strata in the forest. Unlike wool pants of the genus Eriocnemis, they hardly cling to flowers and do not hold their wings in the air like a V when they land. They are also not as active and combative as the Eriocnemis species. Often they get the nectar from flowering shrubs and smaller trees as well as the inflorescences of bromeliads .

Reproduction

In the western Andes near Cali they were observed in breeding mood from December to March. Nests were found there in March and September. Their nest is a 2 to 2.6 cm thick ball of moss that they attach to the edges of the forest under the ferns. In the Departamento del Huila they were observed building their nests in November. In the central and western Andes of Colombia, they are in breeding mood between May and July.

Distribution area

Distribution area (green) of the copper-gloss panty-hummingbird

Polished copper hummingbirds are relatively common in damp to wet forests and on their edges, less often in clearings with bushes. In Colombia they occur at altitudes between 1500 and 3100 meters, seasonally in the western valleys also down to 900 meters. Here they can also be found on all three Andean mountain ranges. In Panama they are found exclusively in the damp forests and hills in the east of the province of Darién on Cerro Pirre , Cerro Quía and Cerro Tacarcuna at altitudes between 510 and 1500 meters, but mostly over 900 meters. In Ecuador, they are most common in the mountain forests of the subtropical zone on the eastern slopes of the Andes south to the province of Zamora Chinchipe . You can observe them here in particular in the Cordillera del Cóndor in the Chinapinza area and along the Ecuador 45 from Loja to Zamora . In Ecuador they are present at altitudes between 1300 and 2100 meters.

Subspecies

Shiny copper hummingbird ( H. a. Russata )

There are six known subspecies:

  • Haplophaedia aureliae floccus ( Nelson , 1912) - This subspecies occurs in eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia. Compared to the nominate form, the underside is greener with gray edges on the feathers and a white cloaca . The tufts of legs are pale pink to yellow-brown.
  • Haplophaedia aureliae galindoi Wetmore , 1967 - This subspecies occurs in eastern Panama at Cerro Pirre . The top and bottom are colored in a dark green than that of H. a. floccus is the case. The upper tail-coverts are darker and dull reddish. The hems on the females' feathers are tighter and less noticeable.
  • Haplophaedia aureliae caucensis ( Simon , 1911) - This subspecies is common in western Colombia. The dark green underside is light bluish to copper red or golden, except on the sides of the neck. All feathers, including the throat, have white fringes.
  • Haplophaedia aureliae aureliae ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846) - The nominate form occurs in central and eastern Colombia.
  • Haplophaedia aureliae russata ( Gould , 1871) - This subspecies is common in northern and central Ecuador. In general, the entire plumage looks rusty brown. The wings are purple brown. The tail is black. The tufts of legs are white at the front and light cinnamon to yellow-brown at the back.
  • Haplophaedia aureliae cutucuensis Schuchmann , Weller & Heynen , 2000 - This subspecies occurs in southeast Ecuador. The back is clearly darker than in H. a. russata , H. a. caucensis or H. a. floccus . The underside is largely scaled gray in both sexes. The white on the belly and cloaca is almost completely absent in the male.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier and Étienne Mulsant described the species as Trochilus Aureliae . The type specimen came from Bogota . In 1918, Simon introduced the new genus Haplophaedia for the shiny copper panty hummingbird. This name is derived from the Greek words »haploos«  ἁπλοος for »pure, simple« and »phaidros«  φαιδρος for »shiny, radiant«. The specific epithet »aureliae« is Aurélie Hénon, b. Favre (1814–1889), dedicated to the wife of Jacques-Louis Hénon (1802–1872). "Floccus" is Latin and means "ball of wool". "Galindoi" was awarded in honor of the Panamanian entomologist Pedro Galindo Vallarino (1916–2007). »Caucensis« refers to the Río Cauca , into which the Río Aguacatal flows. "Russata" is Latin for "flushed, dressed in red". "Cutucuensis" refers to the Cordillera de Kutukú .

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty, William Leroy Brown: A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8, ( online [accessed March 31, 2016]).
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, John A. Gwynne: A Guide to the Birds of Panama: With Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras . Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 1989, ISBN 978-0-691-02512-4 ( online [accessed March 31, 2016]).
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy . tape 1 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier, Étienne Mulsant: Description of the vingt espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches . In: Annales des sciences physiques et naturelles, d'agriculture et d'industrie . tape 9 , 1846, pp. 312-332 ( online [accessed March 31, 2016]).
  • Edward William Nelson: Description of new Genera, Species and Subspecies of Birds from Panama, Colombia and Ecuador . In: Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . tape 60 , no. 3 , 1912, pp. 1–25 ( online [accessed March 31, 2016]).
  • Alexander Wetmore: Further systematic notes on the avifauna of Panama . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 80 , 1967, p. 229–242 ( online [accessed March 31, 2016]).
  • Eugène Louis Simon: Notes critique sur les Trochilidés . In: Revue française d'ornithologie . tape 2 , no. 28 , 1911, pp. 129–130 ( online [accessed March 31, 2016]).
  • Eugène Louis Simon: Notice sur les Travaux Scientifiques . Imprimerie et Lithographie M. Villain et M. Bar, Paris 1918.
  • John Gould: Descriptions of six new humming birds . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1871 . tape 4 , 1871, p. 503-405 ( online [accessed on March 31, 2016]).
  • Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann, André-Alexander Weller , Iris Heynen: Biogeography and taxonomy of the Andean hummingbird genus Haplophaedia Simon (Aves: Trochilidae), with the description of a new subspecies from Southern Ecuador . In: Ornithological Indicator . tape 39 , no. 1 , 2000, pp. 17–42 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).

Web links

Commons : Shiny Copper Panty Hummingbird ( Haplophaedia aureliae )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 290.
  2. ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a. (1989), p. 222.
  3. ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a. (1989), p. 221.
  4. ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a. (2001), p. 377.
  5. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  6. ^ A b Edward William Nelson, p. 8.
  7. ↑ a b Alexander Wetmore, p. 232.
  8. ↑ a b c Eugène Louis Simon (1911), p. 130.
  9. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier u. a., p. 315 plate 10.
  10. ^ A b John Gould, p. 505.
  11. ↑ a b Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann u. a., p. 27.
  12. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier u. a., p. 316.
  13. ↑ Eugène Louis Simon, p. 39.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 186
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 162.
  16. ↑ Alexander Wetmore, p. 233.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 344.
  18. ↑ Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann u. a., p. 28.