Lamb salad

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Lamb salad
Lamb salad (Arnoseris minima)

Lamb salad ( Arnoseris minima )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Lamb salad
Type : Lamb salad
Scientific name of the  genus
Arnoseris
Garden.
Scientific name of the  species
Arnoseris minima
( L. ) Schweigg. & Kits

The lamb salad ( Arnoseris minima from the Greek word arnos for "lamb"), also known as small lamb salad or lamb cabbage , is the only type of the monotypical plant genus within the daisy family (Asteraceae). As a ruderal strategist and pioneer plant, it grows on open sandy and clay soils.

description

illustration
Stems with flower heads
Basket with ripe achenes

Vegetative characteristics

Lamb's lettuce grows as a deciduous, annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 25 centimeters. It forms a basal rosette of obovate to obovate spatulate, roughly toothed leaves as well as leafless stems that are reddish at the bottom and thickened conspicuously towards the top. The stem is 1-headed or has a few 1-headed branches.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. The cup-shaped inflorescences standing individually at the end of the stalk have a diameter of about 1 centimeter. Lamb salad is one of the representatives of the daisy family, whose flower heads are composed only of ray flowers . The ray-flowers are pale to golden yellow. One pappus is missing.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The lamb salad is a therophyte .

Distribution, location requirements and endangerment

The original distribution area of ​​the lamb salad includes Europe and Morocco. In eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, the species is a neophyte. The lamb salad is a sub-Atlantic (to sub-Mediterranean) floral element with a distribution focus in Western Europe and north-western Central Europe. The frost-sensitive species needs mild, humid climates and is an indicator of leanness and acidification. It grows mainly on cohesive sandy soils or sandy or gritty loam soils in lime-poor, little nutrient-rich, little humus, moderately fresh locations. These can be winter grain fields or fallow land, but as a result of intensified agriculture with high levels of nitrogen fertilizer and herbicide use , lamb salad is now more likely to be pushed back to fringing biotopes and special locations such as roadsides, sand pits, heaths or post-mining landscapes .

Arnoseris minima is the namesake for a plant - sociological sub-association of the therophyte-rich arable herb fields of nutrient-poor, acidic sandy soils called "Arnoseridenion minimae", in English "lamb's salad fields". In Central Europe, this is only represented by the association "Teesdalio-Arnoseridetum minimae", whose character types are, in addition to the lamb salad, the awn grass ( Anthoxanthum aristatum ) and the small-fruited field woman's coat ( Aphanes inexpectata ). Before the intensification of agriculture, this was a typical companion company of the rye fields, especially in north-west Germany. In southern Germany it is limited to the Palatinate Forest and the Upper Rhine region.

In Central Europe, lamb salad is endangered, and in Germany according to the 1996 Red List it is nationally “endangered”. In individual federal states, the endangerment classification is even higher (= “threatened with extinction”). Because of the relatively large proportion of the total area, Germany has a high level of responsibility for the protection of this plant species. The main causes of the hazard are the increased use of pesticides and, above all, heavy fertilization and liming.

Common names

In the German-speaking countries, the following other common names are or were used for this plant species, sometimes only regionally : Klein Ferklinkraut ( Silesia ), dog flowers ( Dithmarschen ), Klein Kranichkraut (Silesia), lamb cabbage and small pork salad. The German botanist Carl Jessen in 1882 called the name used today lambs lettuce, but also the names lamb cabbage and Little pig salad as artificially made .

literature

  • Heinz Ellenberg : Pointer values ​​of the vascular plants of Central Europe. Scripta Geobotanica IX, Verlag Erich Goltze, Göttingen, 2nd, improved. 1979 edition.
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 6th edition 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Richard Pott: The plant communities in Germany. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8252-8067-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Grains, lamb salad. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ A b Arnoseris minima in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  3. ↑ HG KULP (1994): Sociological structure and succession in wild herb societies on sandy soils
  4. ^ W. Subal, A. Zehm: Lämmersalat, Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Kits. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on March 13, 2018 .
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 41, online.

Web links

Commons : Lamb Salad ( Arnoseris minima )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files