Lactitol

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Lactitol
other names	Lactobiosite; Lactositol; Lactitol; (2 S , 3 R , 4 R , 5 R ) -4 - [(2 S , 3 R , 4 S , 5 R , 6 R ) -3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyltetrahydropyran-2-yloxy] hexane-1,2,3,5,6-pentaol ( IUPAC ); 4- O -β- D -Galactopyranosyl- D -glucitol ( CAS , WHO ); E 966;
Molecular formula	C 12 H 24 O 11
External identifiers / databases
EC number	209-566-5
ECHA InfoCard	100,008,698
PubChem	157355
DrugBank	DB12942
Wikidata	Q415020
Drug information
ATC code	A06 AD12
Drug class	Laxatives
Mechanism of action	Osmotic laxative
properties
Molar mass	344.31 g · mol -1
Melting point	146 ° C (lactitol) ; 94–97 ° C, also specified as 120 ° C (lactitol monohydrate) ; 75 ° C (lactitol dihydrate) ;
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Lactitol monohydrate;	no GHS pictograms
	no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases	H: no H-phrases
	P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	> 30,000 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral , lactitol monohydrate)
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Lactitol ( food additive E 966), also lactitol ( INN ), is a synthetic sugar substitute that does not occur naturally. Lactitol is obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of milk sugar under pressure. The glucose part of the lactose is reduced to sorbitol (glucitol), but the glycosidic bond is not broken. Lactitol is therefore chemically referred to as 4- O- β- D- galactopyranosyl- D -glucitol.

use

sweetener

Lactitol is used as a sweetener for food , especially for diabetics (trade name Lacty ). However, the sweetening power is only about 30-40% that of sucrose , so that its use as a sweetener is limited.

Lactitol only slightly attacks the teeth , but has a relatively strong laxative effect and is therefore also used for this purpose. Long and intensive studies have shown that lactitol has no toxicologically important side effects.

Therapeutically

Lactitol is used therapeutically for the symptomatic treatment of constipation , which cannot be improved by other measures, and for the symptomatic treatment of hepatic encephalopathy .

The effect is based on the conversion of lactitol into short-chain organic acids, which increase the osmotic pressure in the colon and consequently the fluid influx, which is responsible for the laxative effect (trade name Importal ).

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 14th Edition (Merck & Co., Inc.), Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006; ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1
↑ Data sheet D-Lactitol monohydrate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on November 8, 2016 ( PDF ).
↑ LACTITOL MONOHYDRATE CRS data sheet (PDF) at EDQM , accessed on June 24, 2009.

↑ L. O'Brien Nabors (Ed.): Alternative Sweeteners . Marcel Dekker Inc., 3rd exp. Edition 2001, ISBN 0-8247-0437-1 , pp. 297-299.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Entry on lactitol. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on October 1, 2014.

^ Alfred Larry Branen, P. Michael Davidson and Branen Larry Branen: Food Additives . Marcel Dekker Inc; 2nd edition 2001; ISBN 978-0-8247-9343-2 ; Pp. 466-467.

[MERCK_Index-1] A ^b ^c The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 14th Edition (Merck & Co., Inc.), Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006; ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1

[Sigma-2] Data sheet D-Lactitol monohydrate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on November 8, 2016 ( PDF ).

[Ph._Eur.-3] LACTITOL MONOHYDRATE CRS data sheet (PDF) at EDQM , accessed on June 24, 2009.

[AS-4] L. O'Brien Nabors (Ed.): Alternative Sweeteners . Marcel Dekker Inc., 3rd exp. Edition 2001, ISBN 0-8247-0437-1 , pp. 297-299.

[RÖMPP_Online-5] Entry on lactitol. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on October 1, 2014.

[6] Alfred Larry Branen, P. Michael Davidson and Branen Larry Branen: Food Additives . Marcel Dekker Inc; 2nd edition 2001; ISBN 978-0-8247-9343-2 ; Pp. 466-467.