Lampo class (1899)
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|---|---|
| Lampo class | |
 The Strale the Lampo class |
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| Overview | |
| Type | destroyer |
| Shipyard |
Schichau-Werke , Elbing |
| Keel laying | 1899-1900 |
| Launch | October 7, 1899 to February 9, 1901 |
| delivery | 1900-1902 |
| Whereabouts |
Freccia stranded in 1911, the remainder deleted from 1920–1924 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
315 t, maximum 348 t |
| length |
62.1 m over everything |
| width |
6.50 m |
| Draft |
2.60 m |
| crew |
53-61 men |
| drive |
4 Thornycroft-Schulz water tube boilers , |
| speed |
30 kn |
| Range |
2000 nm at 12 kn |
| Armament |
1 × 76 mm Armstrong L / 4o rapid fire gun, |
| Coal supply |
80 t |
| from 1915 |
12 mines |
| armed differently |
Strale , Ostro : |
The six at Schichau ordered destroyers of Lampo class formed the first destroyer class Regia Marina after single ship Fulmine that when in 1896 Odero had been started, but in 1900 only after the Lampo came into service.
The destroyers were a minor further development of the single ship SMS Magnet built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy and were very similar to the kit class destroyers of the Russian Navy built at the same time .
The Freccia was lost at the beginning of the Italo-Turkish War on October 12, 1911 in the port of Tripoli by stranding. All boats were used in this war. During the First World War , the remaining boats in the Adriatic were primarily used for anti-submarine defense. After the end of the war, the boats were sorted out relatively quickly.
Building history
The Italian Navy procured boats for the use of torpedoes very early on. The Pietro Micca, which was in service from 1877 to 1893, was a pure torpedo vehicle without artillery weapons but with six torpedo tubes. The following ships grew larger and were torpedo cruisers . In addition, small coastal torpedo boats were procured in large numbers. In 1896 the first order for a seaworthy torpedo boat was placed with the Odero shipyard in Sestri Levante , which built the first Italian destroyer, the Fulmine . However, this experimental construction from the Italian shipyard was only used in the fleet after the Lampo .
The construction contract for the Regia Marina's first class of destroyer went to the Friedrich Schichau shipyard in Elbing in 1899 . The German shipyard had delivered over twenty torpedo boats to Italy, which was the fourth foreign customer for torpedo boats, to Russia, the Ottoman Empire and China since 1886 . The first order for four boats with construction no. 651 to 654 another order immediately followed with construction numbers 668/669. All six boats were delivered by 1902.
The boats had a spindle-shaped hull that tapered very sharply forward and had a ram post. They had a very narrow, raised foredeck on which a heavier gun was installed on four boats and two masts, the front of which stood behind the forecastle in front of the bridge, while the second was in the back in front of the stern stand. The boats had two funnels like most of the Schichau boats built at the same time, but they were closer together than in the kit class. The five other guns were on the side just before the bridge and next to the stern stand and at the stern. The two rotating torpedo tubes were between the funnels and behind the stern stand.
The drive system consisted of four water tube boilers and two triple expansion machines on two shafts. All boats performed less than 6000 PSi at the time of acceptance, but exceeded the required speed of 30 knots.
The Navy praised the maneuverability, speed and reliability of the boats, but later weaknesses in seaworthiness became apparent.
Between 1915 and 1918, the five remaining boats were installed with a mineleg device and equipped with depth charges and special torpedoes against submarines.
Mission history
The Italo-Turkish War of 1911 was the first test of the now obsolete destroyer against an insignificant enemy at sea. All six boats were used off Tripolitania , which the Italians occupied in that war.
The Freccia ran on a reef and then on a sandbank off the port of Tripoli on October 12, 1911, when the Italian ships went to sea because of a storm. The crew were able to save themselves completely. The hope of bringing the apparently relatively safe boat back was dashed when another storm drove the Freccia away and its uncontrolled run-up caused severe damage and it had to be written off as a total loss.
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The Dardo , who returned to the war zone after being supplied in Italy , stood out in front of Libya in November 1911 . On the 13th, they searched the waters leading to the Tunisian border for smugglers and arms suppliers and shot at and damaged the Ottoman border fort near Forona . Four days later, they shelled and routed Arab auxiliaries near Zuara . On the 22nd they brought up two boats with weapons and supplies off Zanzur near Tripoli and on the 27th they destroyed the Ottoman post near Falena with their cannons .
The Ostro excelled in the spring of 1912 in the Aegean Sea, where the Italian fleet had primarily relocated its activities. She was used with the battleship Emanuele Filiberto against the Turkish garrison in Vathy on Samos in April . The Italians shot at barracks and batteries and sank an old gunboat in the harbor. The Turks then evacuated the almost independent island. From May 2, the Ostro attacked with the battleship Regina Margherita at various points on the coast of Rhodes in order to distract the Turkish troops from the planned landing near Calitea . On May 7th, the Ostro was able to capture the fleeing Ottoman governor in Lindos .
When tensions with Turkey arose again after the end of the war in January 1913 and the Italian fleet moved three battleships from La Spezia to Syracuse in Sicily, the Dardo was still one of the security boats used.
Use in the First World War
When the First World War broke out in August 1914 , Italy was initially one of the neutral states. The five remaining Lampo- class destroyers had since been assigned secondary duties. They formed the 6th destroyer squadron, which was stationed in Italian North Africa . Ostro as a division boat and Lampo were in Tripoli and Euro and Strale in Tobruk , plus a torpedo boat and a water tanker in each of the two bases. However, the Dardo was sent to Valona, now Vlora , in Albania with the torpedo cruiser Argodat , in order to protect Italian interests there. On October 31, 1914, the Italian admiral Giovanni Patris and the Dardo occupied the island of Saseno off Valona. When Italy entered the war on the side of the Allies in May 1915, the entire 6th destroyer squadron was relocated to the Albanian coast, the port cities of which had already been occupied by Italy in December 1914. The boats were mainly used for security tasks and anti-submarine defense and were equipped accordingly.
On July 11, 1915, the Strale accompanied the auxiliary cruiser Città di Palermo with six torpedo boats to occupy the Pelagosa archipelago in the middle of the Adriatic Sea. This succeeded without resistance, as there were only two signal transmitters on it. After a few weeks the archipelago had to be abandoned after several counter attacks by the Austro-Hungarian Navy with the light cruisers SMS Helgoland and SMS Saida , as well as destroyers and torpedo boats.
The Strale was also involved in the planned bombardment of the Dalmatian coast on July 17, which was canceled and led to the loss of the armored cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi on the march back . The Dardo had a collision with the submarine Velella at the end of 1915 and was out of action for a long time. At the beginning of December 1915, the Euro secured the transfer of Italian troops from Taranto to Valona with torpedo boats .
On December 29, 1916, the Ostro and the Euro attacked the port of Durazzo , which was now occupied by the Austrians, and sank a steamer and two sailing ships there. The boats were used as bait; the Austrian naval units then advancing south could not be provided by the Allies.
On March 11, 1917, the Euro mistakenly attacked the Italian submarines F 9 and F 10 , which were mistaken for German boats, off Messina with the torpedo boat Airone . The Italian submarines just managed to escape the attack by diving into alarm.
The final fate of the boats
After the end of the world war, the obsolete boats were decommissioned. The Lampo and the Dardo were sold for demolition in March 1920 and the Ostro followed in September . In January 1924 the Regia Marina's oldest destroyer, the Strale , was also sold for demolition. The Euro , which was reclassified as a torpedo boat in July 1921 and used as a target ship, was renamed Strale in September 1924, but was also sold for scrapping in November 1924 as the last existing boat in the class.
The first destroyers of the Regia Marina
| Surname | German | Construction no. | Keel laying | Launch | in service | Final fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fulmines | lightning | Odero | 07/14/1896 | December 4, 1898 | 10/26/1900 | Deleted in 1921 |
| Lampo | lightning | London 651 |
May 16, 1899 | October 7, 1899 | 06/23/1900 | March 1920 deleted |
| Freccia | arrow | 652 | 1899 | 11/23/1899 | 05.1902 | Stranded October 12, 1911 |
| Dardo | arrow | 653 | 11.1899 | February 7, 1900 | 07.1901 | March 1920 deleted |
| Strale | Arrow / lightning | 654 | 12.1899 | March 19, 1900 | 07.1901 | January 1924 deleted |
| Euro | an east wind | 668 | 01.1900 | 08/27/1900 | 10.1901 | 1921 Torpedo boat, September 1924 renamed Strale , November 1924 canceled |
| Ostro | a south wind | 669 | 03.1900 | February 9, 1901 | 12.1901 | September 1920 deleted |
Re-use of the names
Destroyer Lampo , Folgore class , 1932–1943
Destroyer Freccia , 1931–1943, Dardo , 1932–1945, Strale , 1932–1942 of the Dardo class,
Destroyer Euro , 1927–1943, Ostro , 1928–1940 of the Turbine class,
Gunboat Lampo , Lampo class, motor
gunboat 1963–1985, gunboat Freccia , Freccia class, motor gunboat 1965–1985,
the Euro frigate of the Maestrale class , in service since 1984
literature
- Robert Gardiner, Roger Chesneau, Eugène M. Kolesnik (eds.): Conway's all the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905 , Conway Maritime Press, London 1979, ISBN 0-85177-130-0
- Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I, ISBN 1-85170-378-0
- B. Weyer: Taschenbuch der Kriegsflotten , JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich, 1905
Web links
- Lampo-class destroyer on navypedia (accessed May 22, 2012)
- Lampo class on Ladislav Kosour, ww2@warshipsww2.eu (accessed June 1, 2012)
- Strale very good picture of the Strale on Ladislav Kosour, ww2@warshipsww2.eu (accessed June 1, 2012)
according to Archivio Storico della Marina Militare Italiana:
- Lampo story, picture of Lampo 1905 on agenziabozzo.it (accessed June 1, 2012)
- Dardo story, picture of Dardo 1905 on agenziabozzo.it (accessed June 1, 2012)
- Dardo Image of Dardo 1902 on agenziabozzo.it (accessed June 1, 2012)
- Ostro story, picture of Ostro 1910 on agenziabozzo.it (accessed June 1, 2012)
official history of the boats on www.marina.difesa.it (accessed June 1, 2012):
Individual evidence
- ^ Official News of the Italian Government
- ↑ Report on the occupation of Rhodes with sources ( Memento of the original from May 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Source in English
- ^ Excerpt from Turrini / Miozzi "Sommergibili italiani" Ed. USMM
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