Giuseppe Garibaldi (ship, 1901)
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The Giuseppe Garibaldi was an armored cruiser of the Italian Regia Marina and belonged to the Giuseppe Garibaldi class named after her . The cruiser put into service in 1901 was sunk on July 18, 1915 by the Austrian submarine U 4 .
history
The Ansaldo shipyard in Sestri Ponente , a district of Genoa , stretched the keel for the ship on June 8, 1898 , which was ready for launch a good year later, on June 29, 1899 . On New Year's Day , the cruiser came into service with the Italian Navy.
Building history
The armored cruisers of the Giuseppe Garibaldi class developed by Ansaldo shipyard in Sestri Ponente became one of the most extensive armored cruiser classes with 10 units, which were also used in four navies. The ship that gave the class its name was actually the sixth of the ten built. Construction of the first two units for the Regia Marina, which were to be named Garibaldi and Varese , began in 1893. Both were sold to Argentina and General Garibaldi and San Martín came into service. The Regia Marina ordered two new ships, but they were sold again before completion and came into service as the Spanish Cristóbal Colón and the Argentine General Belgrano . The fifth ship of the class had started as the third ship for the Italian Navy with the name Francesco Ferruccio , was to be temporarily sold to Chile, but finally went to Argentina as the fourth armored cruiser of the class as Pueyrredón . It was only the sixth ship in the class, the Giuseppe Garibaldi , launched in June 1899 for the Regia Marina and commissioned in 1901, that gave the class its name.
Mission history
In the Italo-Turkish War , the Giuseppe Garibaldi ran out of Syracuse with the Italian fleet on September 24, 1911, five days before the Italian declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire , to block Tripoli . On the way, the association, which in addition to the Giuseppe Garibaldi and her sister ships Varese and Francesco Ferrucio, consisted of the two liners Roma and Napoli , the two newer armored cruisers Pisa and Amalfi and two destroyer flotillas, still supplied itself with coal in Malta .
During the Italo-Turkish War, the Giuseppe Garibaldi was in service with the sister ship Francesco Ferrucio under Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel , in the Aegean Sea, off Libya and in the eastern Mediterranean.
On February 24, 1912, the two sister ships sank the Turkish gunboat Avnillah (2372 t) and the torpedo boat Ankara (165 t, 1906) together in the port of Beirut . The UK-built Avnillah was an obsolete armored corvette from 1869 that had been overhauled in 1907. With her four 3-inch cannons and eight six-pounders and a single 14-inch torpedo tube, she was hopelessly inferior to the armored cruisers and was quickly shot down, caught fire and sank after a torpedo hit. 59 Turkish seafarers died and 102 were wounded. A torpedo miss also sank six barges that were supposed to transport troops.
The Italian cruisers expired, but returned later and sank from a distance with their artillery the more modern Ankara , bought in Italy (!), Which with its two 37 mm cannons and the two 14 inch torpedo tubes had no chance of defense. 51 Turkish seafarers died and 19 were injured. After that, the Turks no longer had any naval units off the Syrian coast.
On April 18, the three ships of the class belonged to the Italian fleet off the Dardanelles , where the Varese was presumably hit.
Use in World War
During the First World War , the cruiser was used in the Adriatic . When he shelled the Ragusa - Cattaro railway line on the Dalmatian coast on July 18, 1915 , he was sunk by the Austrian submarine U-4 under Lieutenant Rudolf Singule .
The wreck was discovered in April 2008 by Czech divers five nautical miles southeast of Dubrovnik at a depth of 124 m.
technology
The Giuseppe Garibaldi was 111.76 m long and up to 18.25 m wide. With a maximum displacement of 7,972 t, the ship was 7.1 m deep in the water.
The drive consisted of two vertically arranged composite steam engines with triple steam expansion , which delivered an indicated output of 13,655 hp together via shafts to two propellers . The ship thus reached a speed of 19.3 knots . The steam supply was provided by 24 steam boilers . The fuel supply was dimensioned so that the cruiser could travel at a speed of 10 kn up to 4,400 nm .
The armament of Giuseppe Garibaldi is composed of a large number of different calibers . The main armament was a single 25.4 cm L / 40 cannon placed on the forecastle and two 20.3 cm L / 45 cannons placed in a twin turret on the quarterdeck. On both sides of the ship there were five 15.2 cm L / 40 guns in the casemate deck , and two more behind shields on the upper deck . There were also ten 7.6 cm L / 40 cannons, six 4.7 cm L / 40 calibers and two Maxim machine guns . Four torpedo tubes with a diameter of 45 cm completed the armament.
The cruiser had belt armor with a thickness of 122 mm and an armored deck of 30 mm. Like the gun turrets, the command tower was protected by 122 mm. The shields of the guns of the middle artillery set up on the upper deck were 52 mm thick.
literature
- Gardiner, Robert (Ed.): Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905 . Conway Maritime Press, London 1979, ISBN 0-85177-133-5 , pp. 351 .
- William Henry Beehler: The History of the Italian-Turkish War: September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912 , United States Naval Institute, Annapolis (1913)
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Ships: sailing ships, warships, passenger and merchant ships , Neuer Kaiser Verlag, Fränkisch-Crumbach 2016, ISBN 978-3846800225 , p. 46
- ↑ Beehler, p. 19.
- ^ Italian army ready , Washington Post, September 25, 1911
- ↑ Ships: sailing ships, warships, passenger and merchant ships , Neuer Kaiser Verlag, Fränkisch-Crumbach 2016, ISBN 978-3846800225 , p. 46
- ↑ Expedition to discover the armored cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi ( memento of February 16, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on www.finnsub.cz