Lamproderma
Lamproderma | ||||||||||||
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Lamproderma echinulatum |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Lamproderma | ||||||||||||
Rostaf. 1873 |
Lamproderma is a genus of slime molds ( Myxomycetes ) from the order Stemonitida . The greater part of the species appears exclusively during the snowmelt ( nivicol ). The type species is Lamproderma columbinum .
features
The fructifications are mostly stalked or seated sporocarp ; Plasmodiocarps are rarely formed. The spore capsules (sporocarpies) are spherical, broadly egg-shaped to pear-shaped, more rarely short-cylindrical. Their shell ( peridia ) is thin and membranous. It usually persists for a long time on older fructifications. It then dissolves into tiny parts that the scalp adhere. The shell then almost always forms a collar-shaped residue on the handle. The surface is usually metallic or iridescent. Sometimes needle-shaped crystals can be found .
The often shiny stalk is black or in Lamproderma verrucosum pale orange-brown in color. It consists of intertwined fibers. In the translucent light it appears opaque black or dark red-brown. The continuation of the stalk ( Columella ) runs through the spore capsule to one to two thirds. It is cylindrical and has a rounded tip or is club-shaped. Less often it is tapered or branched. The membranous base ( hypothallus ) surrounds the base of the stalk in the shape of a disk and merges with those of the neighboring fructifications. It is light to dark red-brown or black in color and usually also shines.
The capillitium starts predominantly from the tip of the columella. It is stiff, seldom curved wavily or elastically expanding. The branches are often acute-angled and widen towards the edge, with the fibers becoming thinner. Cross-connections create a dense, less often open inner network; a surface network (network structure directly under the peridia) is missing. The scalp is brown to blackish brown, rarely light brown to colorless. Towards the peridia it usually becomes light to colorless. The ends usually run out freely or are funnel-shaped and connected to the peridia.
The spores appear in mass dark brown to black; in Lamproderma fuscatum rust-brown. They have a clear surface structure.
Generic delimitation
The species can usually be assigned to the genus Lamproderma quite well. It is characterized by the constant peridia, the strongly developed columella, which usually ends abruptly in the center of the spore capsules (sporocarpies), the scalp, which is mostly radiating from the upper part of the columella, and an often characteristic pattern on the surface of the spores . There are a few exceptions, but they only differ from these properties in one characteristic. There are also forms with deviating capillitia or spores among the species.
ecology
The species grow predominantly nivicol in spring and early summer at altitudes from several hundred meters above sea level . They appear right after the snow melts or on stems and branches sticking out of the snow. On the other hand, they occur outside of this time in autumn and late autumn. They then often grow on mossy rocks in shady, permanently moist locations.
species
Around 50 species are reported worldwide. Over 25 species have been identified for Central Europe:
- Lamproderma acanthosporum
- Lamproderma arcyrioides
- Lamproderma arcyrionema
- Lamproderma atrosporum
- Lamproderma cacographicum
- Lamproderma carestiae-ovoideum
- Lamproderma columbinum
- Lamproderma cribrarioides
- Lamproderma cristatum
- Lamproderma cucumer
- Lamproderma disseminatum
- Lamproderma echinosporum
- Lamproderma echinulatum
- Lamproderma fuscatum
- Lamproderma granulosum
- Lamproderma gulielmae
- Lamproderma hieroglyphicum
- Lamproderma laxum
- Lamproderma maculatum
- Lamproderma mucronatum
- Lamproderma nigricapillitium
- Lamproderma pseudomaculatum
- Lamproderma pulchellum
- Lamproderma pulveratum
- Lamproderma puncticulatum
- Lamproderma sauteri
- Lamproderma scintillans
- Lamproderma spinulosporum
- Lamproderma splendens
literature
- Hermann Neubert , Wolfgang Nowotny , Karlheinz Baumann , Heidi Marx: The Myxomycetes of Germany and the neighboring Alpine region with special consideration of Austria . tape 3 : Stemonitales . Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, Gomaringen 2000, ISBN 3-929822-02-4 , p. 101 f .