Landek
| Landek | ||
|---|---|---|
 Mining Museum Ostrava am Landek |
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| height | 280 m | |
| location | Czech Republic | |
| Mountains | Lower Jesen | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 52 ′ 13 ″ N , 18 ° 16 ′ 17 ″ E | |
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| particularities | easternmost point of the Bohemian Massif | |
The Landek (German Landeck ) is a 280 m high hill in the Czech Republic . It is located four kilometers north of the city center in the area of the city of Ostrava . It is known for its geological, archaeological, historical, scientific and mining features.
geography
The Landek is the easternmost point of the Bohemian Massif (Český masiv) and the Lower Jeseníky at the transition to the Ostrava Basin and the Silesian Plain. It rises on the left bank of the Oder above the confluence of the Ostravice River into the Oder. Koblov lies north of the hill, Hrušov east, Přívoz south and Petřkovice in the north-west. The area of the mountain is 85.53 hectares.
history
A Paleolithic mammoth hunter settlement was located on the hill 30,000 years ago . It is part of the primeval civilization center of Europe, which extends from the Austrian Willendorf via Dolní Věstonice to Poland . After the settlement was discovered, the first excavations began in 1927, and more lasted from 1952 to 1953. The Landeker Venus was also found. One of the most profitable coal seams in Europe is located on the Landek. The coal, which reaches to the surface of the earth, was already used as fuel in the Stone Age.
At the transition from the 8th to the 9th century there was a Slavic fortress of the Holasitzer on the Landek . During the reign of the Moravian Margrave Ottokar , a Gothic border castle to the neighboring Duchy of Teschen was built on the mountain in the middle of the 13th century . After the establishment of the Duchy of Opava , Ottokar transferred the castle to his son, Duke Nikolaus I, in 1269 . Until 1385 the castle was in the hands of the Přemyslids , then it passed to the Piasts . Around 1460 the castle was destroyed in the Wars of the Bohemian-Hungarian Succession. The desert complex came into the possession of Bernhard von Zwole in 1517 .
After the Silesian division of 1742, the mountain came to Prussian Silesia and was right on the border point to the Habsburg countries of Moravia and Austrian Silesia . At the beginning of the 19th century the demolition of the large ruin above the Oder began. The stones were used as building material in the villages of Koblov and Petřkovice. In 1920 the Landek came to Czechoslovakia as part of the Hultschiner Ländchen . Between 1939 and 1945 the hill belonged to the German Empire.
In 1992 the Landek was declared a national nature reserve. In 1997 the mayor of Ostravas applied for the mountain to be included in the UNESCO list of world cultural heritage . In 1998, a seven-meter-high wooden observation tower was built on the Landek, which has a covered observation platform at a height of five meters.
At the southwestern foot of the mountain is the Ostrava Mining Museum with the oldest mine in the region, Grube Anselm. On the mountain there is a rare vegetation with beeches that are more than 150 years old.
