Long March 11

Long March 11 , LM-11 for short ( Chinese  長征 十一 號  /  长征 十一 号 , Pinyin Chángzhēng shíyī hào , CZ-11 for short ) refers to a smaller four-stage launch vehicle of the People's Republic of China . It belongs to the Langer Marsch series and starts from the Jiuquan Cosmodrome (since May 2020 also Xichang ) or - in the variant CZ-11H (from Chinese 海 射 型, Hǎishè Xíng "sea start") - from a floating platform in the sea. The rocket was developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). It can be stored for a long time and is ready to go within 24 hours of arriving at the launch site. The first launch of the CZ-11 took place on September 25, 2015.

Technology and starting procedure

The first three stages of the CZ-11 have a solid rocket engine , while the fourth stage uses liquid fuel. The rocket was derived from the Dongfeng 31 (DF-31) ICBM, but the first stage engine, with a thrust of 1200 kN, is significantly more powerful than the military rocket. Unlike the ICBM, the outer shell of the CZ-11 is not made of composite material for cost reasons , but in a metal casting process. The “control room” in the fourth stage with the guidance systems for attitude control was also taken over directly by the civilian Changzheng missiles .

Similar to the DF-31, the Changzheng 11 is housed in a start and transport container, which can be transported anywhere with a special truck trailer and set up by this using a hydraulic lifting device. When Seestart variant CZ-11H only the transport container with the rocket on the floating launch platform (the first flight on June 5, 2019 rebuilt, semi-submerged to start is soul Ichter Tairui) lifted and putting up then takes place there. The telemetry before the start and the ignition of the rocket is carried out by radio with the CZ-11H from land, and this variant of the rocket is also able to do this independently after the start, which is possible in waves of up to 2 m to take the correct flight path.

model	CZ-11
stages	4th
height	20.8 m
diameter	2 m
Takeoff mass	58 t
Start thrust	1200 kN
payload	700 kg LEO 350 kg SSO
1st stage
height	9 m
diameter	2 m
2nd stage
height	3 m
diameter	2 m
3rd stage
height	1 m
diameter	1.4 m
4th stage
height	5.7 m (with payload fairing)
diameter	optionally 1.6 m or 2 m
Engine	YF-50

Further development

Since 2017, CALT has been working with the Academy for Solid Rocket Engine Technology on a larger version of the rocket, the Changzheng 11A (长征 十一 号 甲, Pinyin Chángzhēng shíyī hào jiǎ ), originally called the "Improved Type" (改进型, Pinyin Gǎijìn Xíng ). This is also a pure solid fuel rocket, in which the diameter of the first stage has been increased to 2.65 m, the starting thrust to 2000 kN. At the same time, the material of the fuel chamber was changed from steel to a lighter composite material made of a fiber fabric. With a take-off mass of 115 t, 71 t of fuel can now be carried, i.e. twice as much as the 35 t of the CZ-11. The diameter of the payload fairing is 3.35 m. The rocket will carry payloads of up to 1.5 t into a sun-synchronous orbit at a height of 500 km; it should be able to be launched from land as well as from a floating platform. The newly developed first-stage engine completed its first test on the test bench on March 5, 2019. The theoretical preliminary planning for the entire rocket is to be completed in 2020, and the first flight is planned for 2022 .

Start list

Performed starts

List updated on June 4, 2020

Serial No.	Date (UTC)	Type	Launch site	payload	Type of payload	orbit	annotation
2015
01	25 Sep 2015 01:41	CZ-11	Jiuquan	Pujiang-1 Tianwang 1A (Shangkeda-2) Tianwang 1B (NJUST-2) Tianwang 1C (NJUST-1)	Technologieerprobungssatellit Technologieerprobungssatellit Technologieerprobungssatellit Technologieerprobungssatellit	SSO	success
2016
02	0Nov 9, 2016 11:42 PM	CZ-11	Jiuquan	XPNAV 1 Xiaoxiang-1 01 Lishui 1-01 CAS-2T KS-1Q	Technologieerprobungssatellit Technologieerprobungssatellit Technologieerprobungssatellit Amateur radio / Technologieerprobung 1 Amateur radio / Technologieerprobung 1	SSO	success
2018
03	Jan. 19, 2018 4:12 am	CZ-11	Jiuquan	Jilin-1 7, Jilin-1 8 QTT 1 KIPP 1 Xiaoxiang-1 02 Zhou Enlai	Earth observation satellites Technologieerprobungssatellit Technologieerprobungssatellit Technologieerprobungssatellit Technologieerprobungssatellit	SSO	success
04th	Apr 26, 2018 4:42 am	CZ-11	Jiuquan	OVS 2A OHS 2A-2D	Earth observation satellite 4 earth observation satellites	SSO	success
05	Dec. 21, 2018 11:51 pm	CZ-11	Jiuquan	Hongyun 1	Communications satellite	LEO	success
2019
06th	Jan. 21, 2019 5:42 am	CZ-11	Jiuquan	Jilin-1 Hyperspectral-01, -02 Xiaoxiang-1 03 Lingque 1A	Earth observation satellite technology test satellite Earth observation satellite	SSO	success
07th	0June 5, 2019 4:06 AM	CZ-11H	Yellow Sea	Bufeng-1A and -1B Jilin-1 Gaofen 03A Xiaoxiang-1 04 Tianqi-3 Zhongdianwangtong-1A, -1B	Earth observation satellite Earth observation satellite Earth observation satellite Technology testing satellite Communication satellite	LEO	success
08th	19 Sep 2019 06:42	CZ-11	Jiuquan	OVS 3A OHS 3A-3D	Earth observation satellite 4 earth observation satellites	SSO	success
2020
09	May 29, 2020 8:13 PM	CZ-11	Xichang	Xinjishu Shiyan-G Xinjishu Shiyan-H	Technologieerprobungssatellite Technologieerprobungsatellit	LEO	success

¹ attached to the upper level

See also

• List of missile types
• East China Space Port

Web links

• Picture collection of the final assembly of the missile and comparison with military missiles (Chinese)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 陈立: 我国 首次 运载火箭 海上 发射 技术 试验 圆满 成功. In: spacechina.com. June 5, 2019, accessed September 16, 2019 (Chinese). 
2. ↑ ^{a b c} 林佳 昕: 成功！ 长 十一 首次 西昌 发射 ， 长 十一 甲 提 上 研制 日程. In: thepaper.cn. May 30, 2020, accessed May 30, 2020 (Chinese). 
3. ↑ China debuts Long March 11 lofting Tianwang-1 trio. NASA Spaceflight.com, September 24, 2015, accessed September 27, 2015 . 
4. ↑ China's new Long March 11 Rocket roars into Orbit for the first Time . Spaceflight101; accessed on October 12, 2015
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Chang Zheng 11 Data Sheet . spacelaunchreport.com; accessed on October 12, 2015
6. ↑ 张雪松: 东风 31 导弹 军转民: 长征 11 号 固体 运载火箭 首飞. In: news.163.com. September 25, 2015, Retrieved September 18, 2019 (Chinese). 
7. ↑ 港 媒 ： 中国 长征 11 号 火箭 基础 就是 东风 31 导弹. In: news.mydrivers.com. September 28, 2015, Retrieved September 18, 2019 (Chinese). 
8. ↑ 高 晟: 长征 11 号 首飞 画面 曝光 发射 方式 酷似 东风 -31. In: news.dwnews.com. September 25, 2015, Retrieved September 17, 2019 (Chinese).  The photo was taken when the rocket was first launched on September 25, 2015 at the Jiuquan Cosmodrome .
9. ↑ 长 十一 火箭 首次 海上 发射 圆满 成功 ， “一箭 七星” ， 构建 多方 融合 发射 新 模式. In: calt.spacechina.com. June 5, 2019, Retrieved September 17, 2019 (Chinese). 
10. ^ Andrew Jones: China gains new flexible launch capabilities with first sea launch. In: Spacenews. June 5, 2019, accessed June 6, 2019 . 
11. ↑ China reveals CZ-11 anti-ASAT rocket . China Daily Mail; accessed on October 12, 2015
12. ↑ CZ-11 Kuaizhou Chinese Space Launch Vehicle . globalsecurity.org; accessed on October 12, 2015
13. ↑ 长征 十一 号 运载火箭 开拓 商业 航天 市场 新 思路. In: cnsa.gov.cn. August 10, 2017, accessed April 30, 2020 (Chinese). 
14. ↑ 于 文凯: 中国 研发 200 吨 推力 先进 固体 发动机 地面 热 试车 成功. In: guancha.cn. March 5, 2019, accessed April 30, 2020 (Chinese). 
15. ↑ 航空 知识 365: 想看 现场 胖 5 发射 吗？ 预告 2020 年 中国 航天 发射 有 这些 重头戏. In: k.sina.cn. February 18, 2020, accessed April 30, 2020 (Chinese). 
16. ↑ 王 佐亚: 长征 11 号 火箭 再 击 苍穹 竟是 东风 导弹 铸 剑 为 犁. In: v.cctv.com. January 20, 2018, accessed September 18, 2019 (Chinese).  Includes video of assembly, transport and launch.
17. ^ Re-Entry: Long March 11 Rocket Body. Spaceflight101, accessed June 7, 2018 (American English). 
18. ↑ 李国利 、 李潇帆: 我国 成功 发射 “吉林 一号” 光谱 01/02 星 搭载 发射 灵 鹊 -1A 星 和 潇湘 一号 03 星. In: xinhuanet.com. January 21, 2019, accessed September 17, 2019 (Chinese).  Contains video of the satellite launch.
19. ^ Rui Barbosa: China conducts first Sea Launch mission with Long March 11 launch of seven satellites. In: Nasaspaceflight.com. June 5, 2019, accessed June 5, 2019 . 
20. ^ Rui C. Barbosa: Long March 11 launches out of Xichang for the first time. In: nasaspaceflight.com. May 29, 2020, accessed on May 30, 2020 .