Haiyang

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Haiyang
Haiyang (China)
Haiyang
Haiyang
Coordinates 36 ° 47 ′  N , 121 ° 10 ′  E Coordinates: 36 ° 47 ′  N , 121 ° 10 ′  E
Basic data
Country People's Republic of China
province Shandong
District-free city Yantai
ISO 3166-2 CN-SD
status independent city
surface 1887 km²
Residents 638,729 (2010)
density 338.5  Ew. / km²
Time zone UTC + 8

Haiyang ( Chinese  海阳 市 , Pinyin Hǎiyáng Shì ) is an independent city on the south coast of the east Chinese district-free city of Yantai ( Shandong Province ). It has an area of ​​1,887 km² and on November 1, 2010 had exactly 638,729 inhabitants. Of these, 244,600 were urban residents, i.e. residents of Haiyang itself and the administrative centers of the surrounding large communities . The Zuiziqian cemetery (Zuiziqian muqun 嘴 子 前 墓群) has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China (6-256) since 2006 .

history

During the spring and autumn annals (722–476 BC) and the Warring States period (475–221 BC), the area of ​​today's Haiyang belonged to the state of Qi . When this 221 BC As the last of the earlier Zhou feudal states was annexed by Qin and Emperor Ying Zheng divided the empire into 36 command offices, the area was assigned to the command office Jiaodong (胶东 郡), where it was also located during the Han dynasty (206 B.C. - 220 AD) stayed. After that, the area was subordinated to the Donglai (东莱 郡) command, today's Laizhou . After Zhu Yuanzhang liberated the country from the Mongols in 1368 and founded the Ming Dynasty , he established Dengzhou (登 州府) prefecture in what is now Penglai . Under the influence of the constantly increasing attacks by Japanese Wokou bandits, numerous large fortresses (卫, Pinyin Wèi ) and coastal guard stations (所, Pinyin Suǒ ) were built along the Chinese coast from 1380 , including the fortresses Dasong (大 嵩 卫) from 1398, the Renamed Haiyang in 1734 during the Qing Dynasty . At the same time, the area under the fortress was elevated to a district , and on April 29, 1996 to a district-free city.

Administrative structure

Haiyang is made up of four street districts and ten large communities . These are:

Dongcun Street District (东村 街道);
Fangyuan Street District (方圆 街道), seat of the city government;
Fengcheng Street (凤城 街道);
Longshan Street District (龙山 街道);
Greater community Ershilidian (二十里店镇);
Greater community Facheng (发城镇);
Greater community Guocheng (郭城镇);
Greater community Liugezhuang (留格庄镇);
Greater community Panshidian (盘石店镇);
Greater community Xiaoji (小纪镇);
Greater community Xin'an (辛安镇);
Greater community Xingcun (行村镇);
Greater community Xujiadian (徐家店镇);
Greater community Zhuwu (朱吴镇).

East China Space Port

The solid propellant carrier wing Changzheng 11H (from Chinese 海 射 型, Hǎishè Xíng "sea start"), intended for launch from a floating platform , was first deployed on June 5, 2019 from the Yellow Sea . Just over a month later, on 16 July 2019, the governments signed province of Shandong and the city of Yantai, a strategic cooperation agreement with the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology on the construction of a development and production center for seegebundene missiles in Haiyang, which has the advantage relatively close to Beijing, which makes the transport of the CZ-11H manufactured at the company's headquarters easy and inexpensive. In Haiyang, there is also a fairway suitable for freighters of the 10,000-ton class between the anchorage area at sea and the actual harbor, which can be used by floating launch platforms. In addition, several large companies specializing in marine equipment are already operating in the area. The "East China Space Port" (中国 东方 航天 港) called facility is to consist of the actual home port for the launch platforms and the ships supporting them, a development and production center for rockets, a development and production center for satellite payloads, a development and production center for floating ones Launch platforms and a center for the development of applications for the data provided by the satellites exist. On April 22, 2020, Shandong Province, Yantai City and Haiyang City signed ten specific cooperation agreements with Chinarocket GmbH , a subsidiary of CALT, which among other things builds the four-stage Jielong-1 solid fuel rocket for commercial satellite launches .

A total of three sea launches with the Changzheng 11H are planned for 2020, during which payloads are to be brought into sun-synchronous orbits . For the first of these launches, as in June 2019, the rocket is to be brought from Beijing to Haiyang complete with the satellites already mounted on it. In the course of the year, however, a final assembly hall is to be completed on the site of the spaceport, where the rocket can be assembled, its systems tested and the satellites assembled. Transporting individual components is easier than transporting an entire rocket, which shortens construction time and increases the profitability of the individual launch.

On the 19./20. November 2019 by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), the manufacturer of kuaizhou -Feststoffraketen in Wuhan organized 5th Summit of commercial space (第五届中国(国际)商业航天高峰论坛) was developed by the Academy of cruise missiles - Technology from CASIC (中国 航天 科 工 飞航 技术 研究院), also known as the "Third Academy" (第三 研究院), the Haiyang City Government and the Qingdao National High-Resolution Earth Observation Systems Innovation Center (国家 高分辨率 对 地 观测 系统青岛 创新 示范 中心) signed an agreement to set up a satellite tracking, control and operations center (卫星 测控 运 维 中心) in Haiyang. This will consist of a ground station and a data processing center, where not only the data supplied by the satellites will be marketed, but also new application possibilities will be developed.

Transport links

Land and air

In the large community of Xujiadian, the Haiyang North Railway Station (海阳 北 站) was built on March 16, 2014 and put into operation on December 26, 2014, a good six months later. The train station, which is a little over 40 km from the city center, can be reached in around an hour via State Road 306. It is located on the Qingdao - Rongcheng local line , but high-speed trains on the Rongcheng - Shanghai , Rongcheng - Beijing and Yantai - Beijing connections also stop there . About 2 km to the east is the old Haiyang train station, built from 1953 and commissioned in 1956 (海阳 站). This was renamed "Xujiadian Train Station" (徐 家店 站) on November 1, 2018. Xujiadian Station is on the Lancun – Yantai local line and was the only station in the city until the North Station opened. Double-track operation began at the end of 2001, and the line has been electrified since the end of August 2010, allowing the speed to be increased from 80 to 120 km / h.

Haiyang is connected to Yantai via the S11 provincial highway, and to Weihai in the northeast and Qingdao in the southwest via the S24 provincial highway . Qingdao-Liuting Airport , which is around an hour's drive away , is primarily used for domestic Chinese flights, but there is also a direct connection to Frankfurt. The construction of the Qingdao Jiaodong International Airport was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic , but on March 25, 2020, construction work on the airport, which by then was largely completed, began again.

lake

The Haiyang Freight Port (海阳 港区) in the Fengcheng Street District is administratively subordinate to the Yantai Port (烟台港). On average there is fog that hinders shipping 17 days a year, mostly between March and July. The temperature in the port fluctuates between 4.5 ° C in January and 24.8 ° C in August; the average temperature is 11.2 ° C. Slightly more than half of the annual precipitation of 866 mm falls during the monsecond rainy season in July / August. The access to the port is via a 4 km long fairway marked with light buoys on both sides, which is at least 6 m deep everywhere. The port itself has two portal cranes and 12 mobile loading cranes with which loads of up to 10 t can be moved. There is a warehouse with a floor area of ​​930 m² and 7600 m² of outdoor storage space for coal, wood, etc. At the beginning of January 2020 the port was opened to foreign ships. The port built on the Laolongtou Reef (老 龙头 滩 礁) now has a total quay length of 680 m, with four berths: one for ships of the 3000-ton class and one for ships of the 5000-ton class with 8 each m water depth as well as two berths for ships of the 10,000 ton class, each 9.5 m water depth. It is designed for an annual turnover of 1.5 million tons. 36 ° 40 ′ 47.2 "  N , 121 ° 14 ′ 19.4"  E

See also

literature

Individual evidence

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