Long March 3
Langer Marsch 3 , LM-3 for short ( Chinese 長征 三號 / 长征 三号 , Pinyin Chángzhēng Sānhào , CZ-3 for short ) refers to a family of medium-weight three-stage launchers of the Langer Marsch series of the People's Republic of China , which is primarily used for transport is placed in geostationary orbit by satellites . The individual versions differ in some cases considerably.
The first start of the CZ-3 took place on January 29, 1984, although it was a false start. Another launch attempt on April 8, 1984 with the Dong Fang Hong 2 satellite was successful.
The currently strongest variant is the CZ-3B, which is specially designed for transporting communication satellites into the geostationary transfer orbit .
On February 14, 1996, a rocket of this type with Intelsat 708 on board went out of control immediately after launch from the Xichang Cosmodrome and crashed into a nearby village, officially killing six people and injuring others. The cause of the error was determined to be an inertial navigation system that was working with incorrect data due to a system error, which first caused the rocket to tip steeply from the launch site and then lead it back to the launch site.
Versions
| version | 3 | 3A | 3B, 3B / E | 3C |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| image |  |
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| First start | January 29, 1984 | February 8, 1994 | February 14, 1996 | April 25, 2008 |
CZ-3
The first two stages work with UDMH and dinitrogen tetroxide and are further developments of the CZ-2C . The third stage is a new development and works with cryogenic fuels (H 2 + O 2 ).
- Payload : 4.5 t over 300 km, 3.8 t on a sun-synchronous orbit, 1.4 t on a geostationary transition orbit
- Length: 42.25 m (depending on the payload cladding used, with a length of 5.84 m or 7.25 m up to 43.25 m or 44.68 m)
- Diameter: 3.35 m
- Takeoff mass: 202 t (184.2 t = 91.2% fuel)
- 1st Stage 148.7 t (139 t fuel, four thrusters YF-20B each with 731.5 kN takeoff thrust and 140 s Burn time)
- 2nd stage 40 t (36.4 t fuel, one YF-24 engine with 766 kN vacuum thrust )
- 3rd stage 11.3 t (8.8 t fuel, one YF-73 engine can be re-ignited with up to 750 s burning time at 49 kN thrust)
CZ-3A
Version with enlarged third level and other changes.
- Payload: 7.2 t over 200 km, 2.6 t on a geostationary transition orbit
- Length: 52.5 m
- Diameter: 3.35 m
- Takeoff weight: 241 t
- 1st stage 179 t (170 t fuel, four YF-20B engines with 815 kN vacuum thrust and 155 s burning time)
- 2nd stage 33.6 t (29.6 t fuel, one YF-25/23 engine with 831 kN vacuum thrust and 110 s burn time)
- 3rd stage 21 t (18.2 t fuel, two YF-75 engines can be re-ignited with up to 470 s burning time at 156 kN thrust)
CZ-3B and CZ-3B / E
Version with enlarged fuel tanks and four boosters .
- Payload: 5.2 t for GTO
- Length: 54.8 m (56.3 m CZ-3B / E)
- Diameter: 3.35 m (8.45 m with boosters)
- Takeoff weight: 425 t (458 t CZ-3B / E)
- 1st stage 179 t (170 t fuel, four YF-20B engines with 815 kN vacuum thrust and 155 s burning time)
- 2nd stage 55 t (50 t fuel, one YF-22A / 23A engine with 762 kN vacuum thrust and 190 s burning time)
- 3rd stage 21 t (18.2 t fuel, one YF-75 engine can be re-ignited with up to 470 s burning time at 156 kN thrust)
- Booster: 41 t (37.8 t fuel, one YF-20B engine can be re-ignited with up to 128 s burn time at 815 kN thrust)
The CZ-3B / E (also CZ-3B / G2 or G3) is a version of the 3B with a payload in the GTO increased to 5.5 t by increasing the fuel capacity of the first stage and the boosters. The first flight took place on May 14, 2007. The CZ-3B / G2 uses a payload fairing with a diameter of 4.0 m, while the CZ-3B / G3 has a diameter of 4.2 m.
CZ-3C
The CZ-3C is a version of the CZ-3B with two boosters (9.56 m long, 4.0 m diameter) from the CZ-2E instead of the four boosters from the CZ-3B. It is 55 m high and can bring 3,700 kg into geostationary transfer orbit.
Planned versions with four or eight additional boosters (similar to the CZ-3B) are designated as CZ-3-4L, CZ-3A-4L, CZ-3-8L.
See also
Web links
- Bernd Leitenberger: Long March 3 (Changzheng 3)
-
Encyclopedia Astronautica :
Chang Zheng 3 , Chang Zheng 3A , Chang Zheng 3B , Chang Zheng 3C (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eugen Reichl: The rocket type book. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-613-02788-6 .
- ↑ DragonInSpace: CZ-3B ( Memento from May 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
