Teachers' seminar Dresden-Strehlen
The Dresden-Strehlen teacher training college was a complex of buildings on today's Teplitzer Strasse , Reichenbachstrasse and Weberplatz. It was established between 1906 and 1910 as a successor to the Dresden-Friedrichstadt teachers 'college and was initially called the König-Friedrich-August teachers' college. Before and during the Second World War it existed as a pedagogical institute of the Technical University of Dresden , after the war as a pedagogical faculty and as a workers-and-farmers faculty . After 1990, the Technical University of Dresden set up the headquarters for the Faculty of Education there.
planning
In 1903, the Saxon Royal Ministry of Culture and Public Education decided to build a new teachers' college in Dresden-Strehlen . The new building was intended to house the building that was already under the government of Elector Friedrich August III in 1787 . Teachers' seminar launched in Dresden-Friedrichstadt . The new teacher seminar building should accommodate at least 8 seminar classes and 200 seminarians, 150 of them in the boarding school with accommodation and meals. Furthermore, all the rooms required for teaching materials and for lesson preparation should be available. A practice school with the necessary cloakrooms and lounges for around 200 school children was also required. In 1903, the Saxon state parliament initially approved the funds for the acquisition of the 14,600 m² building site on today's Teplitzer Strasse, Reichenbachstrasse and Weberplatz. On March 30, 1906, the contract with the Saxon Royal Ministry of Finance and the city of Dresden was sealed at a price of 150.00 marks.
Thereupon a preliminary draft of the Landbauamt Dresden II and a thorough further planning of the responsible council in the Saxon Royal Ministry of Finance , the secret building councilor Edmund Waldow with the participation of the structural engineering office , arose . With the foundation created, the Saxon state parliament approved the necessary funds, so that the Saxon Royal Ministry of Culture and Public Education awarded the contract for the construction in spring 1906.
Building complex
Due to the trapezoidal free position of the building site and for reasons of expediency, the decision was not made for a large, closed building, but for a structured, relaxed building complex. This comprised 5 interconnected main buildings on a 3,105 m² area:
- Auditorium building with gym (Weberplatz),
- Teachers' building with classrooms (Reichenbachstraße),
- Farm building with dining room (Teplitzer Strasse),
- Seminar hall building (Teplitzer Straße),
- Residential building for the director and for other employees (Teplitzer Strasse).
The architecture of the building complex corresponded to the style of the Dresden Baroque . In addition to the main portal on Teplitzer Strasse, a striking square staircase tower with a viewing platform was created below the tapered top of the clock tower. All buildings consisted of brickwork with gray plaster facades. The roof was covered with red Saxon beaver tails . All the windows were simple sandstone window surrounds framed. The surrounding cornices were also made of sandstone. The main portal on the staircase tower was decorated with the Saxon coat of arms , flanked by two lions on the side. Above it was the inscription Royal Teachers' College . In the main cornice was a relief with the emblems of the individual disciplines of the seminary and in the middle the name initials of His Majesty King Friedrich August III. The second main portal on Reichenbachstrasse, the teachers' building, was designed in rustic sandstone ashlar. Below the main cornice were the relief portraits of Martin Luther , Philipp Melanchthon , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller . The third portal, the entrance to the Aula building on Weberplatz, was once again designed very splendidly. There was a relief above the doorway depicting Christ as a sower . There was an antique warrior's head above the large leaded glass staircase window. The inscription: Built under the government of King Friedrich August III. in the years 1906 to 1909 . All artistic sandstone work was designed and executed by the Dresden sculptor Leopold Armbruster .
Assembly building
In the middle section of the aulage building there was a two-armed curved granite staircase with ornate wrought iron railings. The mighty arched window in the stairwell is illuminated by a lead-glazed window. With a rich ornament framing it depicts Pestalozzi as an educator based on a design by the painter Karl Schulz. The vestibule was spatially separated by sandstone pillars. Behind it one came into the auditorium with a three-part stucco ceiling and a wall painting on the front. This hall offered space for 500 people and was used for concerts, meetings, festivities and daily devotions. The built-in organ made by the organ building company Jehmlich from Dresden was used for the concerts . The hall building was crowned by a roof turret in a round basic shape with a viewing platform. The bell tower was located above the platform, the bell came from Dresden bell caster C. Albert Bierling and weighed 254 kg.
Below the auditorium on the ground floor was the gym with a wooden stand for spectators at gymnastics events. The rooms on the side housed the singing rooms, a singing hall, three organ and six piano rooms, two teacher's rooms and rooms for teaching materials. In the basement there was an asphalt bowling alley for the seminarians and an institution laundry room with an electrical deficiency.
Teaching building
The teaching building was intended for the seminarians' school operations. In the basement there were the heating systems and coal rooms, duty rooms and official apartments for the caretaker staff and a large handicraft room for practicing manual skills and abilities such as carpentry, modeling and cardboard work. Accessible via the main entrance on Teplitzer Straße, the rooms of the practice school with seven classrooms for 30 students each can be reached on the ground floor. The classrooms could also be reached from Reichenbachstrasse via a double flight of stairs. Eight seminar rooms were located on the first floor. There was also a physical and chemical lecture room, including the associated preparation and collection rooms and a darkroom for photographic training. On the 2nd floor and the converted attic there were three large dormitories with associated sanitary facilities. The main access was via the stairwell in the tower. The tower, which protrudes over the roof ridge, contains a clock room, an archive room and on the top floor a home room with an all-round view for local history lessons.
Farm buildings
The seminarians and employees were supplied by a spacious and equipped kitchen with a scullery and storage cellars. The stove system installed by the Rudolp company, formerly Eschebach , had an underground smoke outlet and a built-in heating coil with boiler. This system supplied and ensured the complete water supply. The food was brought to the dining room on the ground floor via a double elevator. This offered space for 240 people, also for festive events and meetings. There were also living rooms for the kitchen staff in the farm building.
Seminarians residential building
The residential building was used to accommodate the seminarians. The washing and shower rooms with dressing rooms and cloakrooms were in the basement. Cloakrooms and bicycle rooms were available for external seminarians. On each floor there were 17 large living rooms with ancillary rooms. The top floor housed cloakrooms and changing rooms for external seminarians. The director's room was on the first floor and was directly accessible from the director's apartment.
Directors residence
The recessed building could be reached from the courtyard and via the seminarians' residence. A massive granite staircase led from the courtyard into the spacious hallway and an oak staircase led to the upper floors. The director's apartment was located on the ground floor, first floor and converted attic. The apartments for the stoker and caretaker were located in the basement. The storage rooms and a wash house were in the basement.
Auxiliary systems
The courtyard in the building complex was equipped with play and sports equipment on an area of 2750 m². A park-like garden follows in the southern area. This included a pond with a botanical garden . All front gardens are landscaped and connected with paths.
completion
The entire construction work, including the development of the building plans and the architectural design as well as the furniture, was carried out by the Dresden Land Building Office under the direction of the building council and finance councilor Carl Adolph Canzler . The local construction management was carried out by the building officer Roßberg with the building council architect Hans Friedel. The total costs were clearly undercut and were paid by the Saxon Royal Ministry of Finance to the Saxon Royal Ministry of Culture and Public Education .
| No. | object | planned costs | consumed costs | Savings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Building complex | 907,523 marks | 900 846 marks | 6,677 marks |
| 2 | Auxiliary systems | 71 155 marks | 70,546 marks | 609 marks |
| 3 | Furniture | 112,816 marks | 110,986 marks | 1,830 marks |
| 4th | Teaching aids,
Musical instruments and organs |
32,674 marks | 31,485 marks | 1 189 marks |
| 5 | total | 1,124 168 marks | 1,113,873 marks | 10,295 marks |
A preliminary building acceptance by the Landbauamt Dresden II took place in March 1910. With the inauguration and handover on April 6, 1910, the Royal Teachers 'College Dresden-Strehlen began its work as the successor to the Friedrichstadt Teachers' College.
Development until 1945
In 1922 the main entrance on Teplitzer Strasse received the granite swordtail figure by the Dresden sculptor Adolf Liebermann , which was classified as a military monument and removed after 1945. From 1923 the Saxon teacher seminars were dissolved. The Dresden-Strehlen teachers' seminar was converted and continued as the Pedagogical Institute of the Technical University, which was inaugurated on May 2, 1923. Thus the teachers received a university education for the first time . The founder and first director as well as the former Saxon minister of education of the new institute was Richard Seyfert . From 1923 to 1933 he was a consultant in the Saxon Ministry for National Education and until 1933 professor for practical pedagogy at the Technical University of Dresden. The Saxon high school graduates completed a three-year, very professional-oriented teacher training course. In 1924 the Institute for Vocational School Practice was opened as part of the Pedagogical Institute. This was to cover the increased need for teachers at the Saxon advanced training and vocational schools. The Pedagogical Institute offered practical pedagogical and teaching method training. The Institute for Vocational School Practice taught sociological, philosophical-pedagogical, psychological and specialist studies. In 1933 Seyfert was deposed by the National Socialists, who was replaced by Friedrich Schreiber. Schreiber was appointed professor on August 1, 1938. An extension (south wing) between 1929 and 1930 was necessary due to the large number of students. A sober building in the style of the new school buildings at that time with clear shapes and ribbon windows now offered more seminar rooms and another ballroom (today's Viktor Klemperer Hall). In 1936 it was transferred to an independent state institution. This means that the standardization has now been carried out in line with National Socialism . In order to attract even more students, the tuition fees were waived from 1937 . From 1942 onwards it was restructured again and mainly female teachers were trained within the Saxon teacher education. In the turmoil of war that followed, the Pedagogical Institute lost much of its importance. Around 1944 teaching was completely stopped. With the first air raids on February 13, 1945 , the enlarged building complex received several direct bombs and burned out and was destroyed except for the surrounding masonry. The new south wing, however, remained largely intact.
Development until 1963
The slightly damaged south wing could be repaired quickly. In 1946 teaching and lecturing were resumed. The Pedagogical Institute was renamed the Pedagogical Faculty and from then on taught in the Marxist sense. With the founding of the GDR, they also wanted to create new socialist teaching centers and expanded the faculty into a workers and farmers faculty. In the period from 1949 to 1964, the destroyed, ruinous building complex was rebuilt in a greatly simplified form in the style of socialist classicism, from financial and structural obligations like a new building. According to the plans of the architect Heinrich Rettig , the three-storey former auditorium was built on Weberplatz. The end of this building is formed by a hilted roof with a turret and four animal figures (crocodile, wolf, billy goat and fish) equipped with a bell cage. The new glass window in the spacious staircase to the former auditorium shows the new spirit of the times based on a design by the artist Petzold and depicts a young worker . The clock tower was also easily restored and regained its dominant effect. The other buildings have been prepared in such a way that there are only seminar rooms in the former teachers 'building with classrooms (Reichenbachstraße), in the farm building with dining room (Teplitzer Straße) and in the seminarians' residential building. The director's residence was not rebuilt. The play and sports facilities in the courtyard were not restored. The park-like garden to the south of the courtyard was converted into a teaching and nursery garden in the manner of the Soviet botanist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin . In the meantime, the premises have been used by the Vocational Education Section of the Technical University of Dresden. Outside the main entrance on Weberplatz in 1955 the sandstone sculptures were working student from Dresden sculptor Wilhelm Landgraf and Bauer student erected by sculptor Gerhard Mark Forest. In the same year, the Dresden artist Wilhelm Lachnit created four wall paintings. The tasks of the workers and peasants faculty essentially consisted of educating and teaching the adolescent youth in the sense of Marxism and to be the preparatory stage for the study of workers and peasant children. Around 1963 these requirements were fulfilled, so that a new task was necessary for the building complex.
Development until 1990
In 1963 the workers and farmers faculty was dissolved. The premises of the building complex were now used differently. Mainly the Technical University of Dresden occupied various parts of the building for seminars and advanced training. In 1970, in front of the building on Teplitzer Strasse, the bronze sculpture group lecturers and students or teachers and learners by the Dresden sculptor Wolfram Hesse was set up. The Cultural Studies Section used the building on Weberplatz. During the GDR era, there was no maintenance or repair work, so the general state of the building deteriorated constantly. In the building on Weberplatz, the annual youth consecration celebrations took place in the former auditorium, which has now been converted into a reading room . The inner courtyard degenerated into a parking space and the so-called Mitschuringarten became overgrown.
Development from 1990
The first measures to maintain value began in 1991 with the upswing east financing program . It completed in a renovation and reconstruction program. All facades were rebuilt, the roof of the entire building complex was re-covered with beaver tails and the outside area was redesigned. The interiors were renovated and given new paint. The entrance area to the south wing was restored according to the historical model. The garden area has been redesigned into a small park. The Technical University set up the headquarters for the Faculty of Education in this building complex. Furthermore, the Institute for Vocational Education and Professional Didactics, the Institute for Social Education, Social Work and Welfare Sciences and an educational science teaching and research workshop are housed. In the south wing, the Café Blau awaits its guests in the lecture building with fresh colors and an extensive range of snacks.
literature
- Festschrift: New building of the teachers' seminar in Dresden-Strehlen C. Canzler 1910, collotype, Römmler & Jonas, Royal Saxon Court photographer. Dresden 1910.
- Willy Doenges: The new teachers' seminar in Dresden-Strehlen . Illustrirte Zeitung, 134th year 1910, p. 737
- Edwin Zollinger: About teacher training in some states of the German Reich ; Swiss Pedagogical Journal 1911; Volume (year): 21 (1911). P. 75 ff.
- Walter May , Werner Pampel, Hans Konrad: Architectural Guide GDR District Dresden , Verlag für Bauwesen Berlin 1979 1st edition. P. 57.
- Ernst Thiene: Yearbook of former students of the Dresden-Friedrichstadt seminar, the current Royal Friedrich-August-Seminar in Dresden-Strehlen . IV. Year 1913. 1914; Second-hand bookshop
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments . Workers and Farmers Faculty (Weberplatz 5). In Dresden. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03110-3 . P. 111 ff
- Ministry of Public Buildings: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung, Berlin August 30, 1919, Volume 39, Number 71, printed and published by Gebrüder Ernst, Berlin.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Festschrift: New building of the teachers' seminar in Dresden-Strehlen C. Canzler 1910
- ↑ a b The new teachers' seminar in Dresden-Strehlen. Illustrirte Zeitung, 1910
- ^ Ministry of Public Buildings: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung, Berlin August 30, 1919
- ^ Working group of Saxon military history e. V. Dresden: Disappeared monuments . Volume 7, 2nd edition. Beyer Verlag Sachsen for Culture and History, Dresden 2005, ISBN 3-9809520-2-9 , p. 54.
- ^ A b Architecture Guide GDR District Dresden, Verlag für Bauwesen Berlin 1979
- ↑ https://tu-dresden.de/gsw/ew/ressourcen/daten/diefakultaet/geschichte/informationstafeln/weberbau.pdf?lang=de
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments
- ↑ Chasing. In: Dresdner-Stadtteile.de. Retrieved October 25, 2018 .
- ^ Cafe Blau. Studentenwerk Dresden , accessed on October 25, 2018 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 1 '49.9 " N , 13 ° 44' 58.9" E