Leyland Line
The Leyland Line was a British shipping company with headquarters in Liverpool and operated a liner service to the Mediterranean ports, later the transatlantic route became the main business area. The shipping company was at times one of the most important shipping companies in the world.
history
Frederick Leyland was a long-time partner in the firm of John Bibby, Sons & Co. , which was based in Liverpool. In 1873 the Bibby family withdrew from the shipping business and Leyland set up his own shipping company. 21 former Bibby ships formed the basic equipment of the new Leyland fleet. The new company was officially called F. Leyland & Co. Ltd. , but the name Leyland Line soon became established . The Bibby Line also took over the tradition that all ship names ended in "... ian" or "... ean", and the ocher-colored chimney with a black cap.
The shipping company initially operated a liner service to the Mediterranean , then the transatlantic service was opened in 1875. The route ran from Liverpool to Boston ( Massachusetts ), Philadelphia ( Pennsylvania ) and Portland ( Maine ), New York was only called intermittently. The ships used by the shipping company were mainly cargo ships, a few of which had passenger facilities and then "only" for the transport of emigrants. The liner services developed well and the shipping company became the largest transatlantic freighter line.
In 1892 John Ellermann, Christopher Furness and Henry O'Hagen took over the Leyland Line fleet from the late ship owner Frederick Leyland. Ellermann became managing director of the company and also took over the chairmanship of Frederick Leyland and Company in 1893. In 1896 Leyland set up a passenger service in cooperation with Furness, Withy & Co. from Liverpool to New York and Canadian ports, in 1896 the Wilson Line was added and the joint service was called Wilson, Furness & Leyland Line . The cooperation was limited exclusively to this service. In 1899 Leyland took over the shipping company West India & Pacific Steamship Co. Ltd. and so opened a liner service to the West Indies ( Caribbean ).
In 1902 the Leyland Line was bought up by the US banker JP Morgan and in 1904 it was added to his IMMC shipping trust. Leyland was given responsibility for the European part of the International Navigation Company , but had to stop the Mediterranean service. Twenty Leyland ships not used in the emigration business were not included in the sale. John Ellermann acquired the London Papayanni Company of the Greek-born ship owner Papayanni, from which the Ellerman Lines shipping company emerged a short time later . However, nothing changed at the top position in the transatlantic business. In 1915, the IMMC had to file for bankruptcy, so the Leyland Line for the first time looked into an uncertain future. The First World War , which has meanwhile broken out, also meant numerous ship losses for the shipping company.
After the war, the Leyland Line was spun off from the IMMC Trust and formed its own group of companies with the Red Star Line and Dominion Line , closely following the White Star Line . The shipping company launched an extensive new build program, but it was no longer possible to build on the old successes. The Great Depression of 1929 meant a catastrophic collapse for the shipping company and in 1935 the Leyland Line collapsed financially. The Red Star Line was sold and the Leyland shipping company itself was bought up by the Blue Star Line ( Vestey Bros. ). The shipping company only carried out administrative tasks, even if some Blue Star ships were registered for Leyland . The actual company had ceased to exist in 1935.
Passenger ships
| year | Surname | tonnage | shipyard | Status / fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1895 | Victorian | 8,825 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1903: Russian / 1916 torpedoed and sunk near Malta |
| 1895 | Armenian | 8,825 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | Torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel in 1915 |
| 1896 | Cestrian | 8,825 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | Torpedoed and sunk in the Aegean Sea in 1917 |
| 1898 | Londonian | 8,823 GRT | Alexander Stephen and Sons , Glasgow | Sunk in the North Atlantic in 1898 |
| 1899 | Winifredian | 10405 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1929 out of service |
| 1900 | Devonian (I) | 10,435 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | Torpedoed and sunk near Ireland in 1917 |
| 1900 ( 1899 ) | Atlantian (I) | 9355 GRT | Armstrong-Whitworth , Elswick | 1899: West India & Pacific / 1900 torpedoed at LL / 1918 at Eagle Island |
| 1900 | Canadian | 9301 GRT | Hawthorn, Leslie & Co. Ltd. , Hebburn | Torpedoed and sunk near Fastnet (English Channel) in 1917 |
| 1900 | Bohemian (II) | 5544 GRT | Alexander Stephen and Sons, Glasgow | Sunk near Sambro (Nova Scotia) in 1920 |
| 1900 ( 1895 ) | American | 8262 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1895: West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1904 to White Star Line , Cufic |
| 1900 ( 1895 ) | European | 8262 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1895: West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1904 to White Star Line , Tropic |
| 1902 | Hanoverian | 13518 GRT | Hawthorn, Leslie & Co. Ltd., Hebburn | 1923: Devonian (II) / 1929 out of service |
| 1903 | Scotian | 18084 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1903: launched / sold to Hapag in 1907 , President Lincoln |
| 1903 | Servian | 18072 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1903: launched / sold to Hapag in 1907 , President Grant |
Cargo ships
| year | Surname | tonnage | shipyard | Status / fate |
| 1873 ( 1869 ) | Bavarian | 3113 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1869: Bibby Line / 1873 sold to LL / 1892 |
| 1873 ( 1870 ) | Bohemian (I) | 3113 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1870: Bibby Line / 1873 to LL / 1891 sunk near Ireland |
| 1873 ( 1870 ) | Bulgarian | 3113 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1870: Bibby Line / 1873 sold to LL / 1892 |
| 1873 ( 1867 ) | Iberian (I) | 2931 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1867: Bibby Line / 1873 to LL / 1885 sunk near Ireland |
| 1873 ( 1867 ) | Illyrian | 2931 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1867: Bibby Line / 1873 to LL / 1884 sunk at Cape Clear |
| 1873 ( 1867 ) | Istrian | 2931 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1867: Bibby Line / 1873 sold to LL / 1894 |
| 1873 ( 1861 ) | Egyptian | 2137 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1861: Bibby Line / 1873 to LL / 1902 out of service |
| 1873 ( 1863 ) | Persian | 2137 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1863: Bibby Line / 1873 to LL / 1902 out of service |
| 1873 ( 1866 ) | Arabian | 2137 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1866: Bibby Line / 1873 to LL / 1902 out of service |
| 1873 ( 1855 ) | Belgian | 1989 GRT | k. A. | 1855: Elder, Dempster & Co. / 1873 to LL /? |
| 1873 ( 1859 ) | Venetian (I) | 1562 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1859: Bibby Line / 1873 sold to LL / 1880 |
| 1873 ( 1859 ) | Scilian | 1492 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1859: Bibby Line / 1873 sold to LL / 1880 |
| 1873 ( 1859 ) | Crimean | 1492 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1859: Bibby Line / 1873 sold to LL / 1873 |
| 1873 ( 1860 ) | Albanian (I) | 1417 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1860: Bibby Line / 1873 to LL / 1877 sunk after collision |
| 1873 ( 1856 ) | Danube | 1386 GRT | J. & G. Thomson Ltd., Glasgow | 1856: Bibby Line / 1873 sold to LL / 1874 |
| 1873 ( 1854 ) | Athenian (I) | 1094 GRT | k. A. | 1854: Elder, Dempster & Co. / 1873 sold to LL / 1874 |
| 1874 | Lesbian | 1561 GRT | k. A. | 1901 out of service |
| 1874 | Ligurian | 1561 GRT | k. A. | Sold in 1894 |
| 1874 | Cyprian | 1433 GRT | k. A. | Sunk in a storm in 1874 |
| 1874 | Cyrenian | 1433 GRT | k. A. | Sold in 1887 |
| 1875 | Assyrian (I) | 1619 GRT | k. A. | Sunk near Greece in 1878 |
| 1875 | Athenian (II) | 1619 GRT | k. A. | Sold in 1902 |
| 1876 | Algerian | 1774 GRT | k. A. | Sold in 1902 |
| 1877 | Anatolian | 1774 GRT | k. A. | Sunk on the River Mersey in 1880 |
| 1877 | Alsatian | 1774 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Ellerman Lines in 1901 |
| 1878 | Andalusian | 1774 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Ellerman Lines in 1902 |
| 1880 | Flaminian | 2252 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Ellerman Lines in 1902 |
| 1880 | Flavian | 2252 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Ellerman Lines in 1902 |
| 1880 | Falenian | 2252 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Ellerman Lines in 1920 |
| 1881 | Favonian | 2252 GRT | k. A. | Sunk in 1900 |
| 1881 | Fabian | 2252 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Ellerman Lines in 1902 |
| 1881 | Virginian | 4081 GRT | k. A. | Sold in 1896 |
| 1882 | Venetian (II) | 4081 GRT | k. A. | Sunk near Boston in 1895 |
| 1888 | Bostonian (I) | 4668 GRT | k. A. | 1913 out of service |
| 1890 | Georgian | 5088 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk near Crete in 1917 |
| 1890 | Columbian (I) | 5088 GRT | k. A. | Burned out near Sable Island in 1914 |
| 1891 | Lancastrian | 5120 GRT | k. A. | Sold in 1921 |
| 1891 | Philadelphian (I) | 5120 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel in 1918 |
| 1896 | Anglian | 5626 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel in 1917 |
| 1896 | Cambrian | 5626 GRT | k. A. | 1917 torpedoed and sunk at Start Point ( Canal ) |
| 1897 | Almerian | 2984 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk off Scilly Island in 1918 |
| 1898 | Albanian | 2984 GRT | k. A. | Sold in 1921 |
| 1898 | Assyrian (II) | 2984 GRT | k. A. | Sold in 1908 |
| 1900 ( 1898 ) | Asian | 5613 GRT | k. A. | 1898: ex Columbian , West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1924 sunk |
| 1900 ( 1898 ) | Antillian | 5613 GRT | k. A. | 1898: West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1930 out of service |
| 1900 | Iberian (II) | 5223 GRT | k. A. | 1915 torpedoed and sunk near Fastnet ( English Channel ) |
| 1900 | Caledonian | 4896 GRT | k. A. | 1930 out of service |
| 1900 ( 1889 ) | Tampican | 4833 GRT | Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast | 1889: ex Runic , White Star Line / 1900 sold to LL / 1912 |
| 1900 ( 1893 ) | Jamaican | 4501 GRT | k. A. | 1893: West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1914 out of service |
| 1900 ( 1893 ) | Barbadian | 4501 GRT | k. A. | 1893: West India & Pacific / 1900 sold to LL / 1913 |
| 1900 ( 1891 ) | Cuban | 4201 GRT | k. A. | 1892: West India & Pacific / 1900 sold to LL / 1913 |
| 1900 ( 1892 ) | Mexican | 4201 GRT | k. A. | 1892: West India & Pacific / 1900 sold to LL / 1913 |
| 1900 | Belgian (II) | 3657 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed in 1917 and demolished |
| 1900 ( 1891 ) | Louisianian | 3642 GRT | k. A. | 1891: West India & Pacific / 1900 sold to LL / 1913 |
| 1900 ( 1891 ) | Nicaraguan | 3642 GRT | k. A. | 1891: West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1907 sunk |
| 1890 ( 1888 ) | Darien | 3299 GRT | k. A. | 1888: West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1907 sunk |
| 1900 ( 1883 ) | Texan | 3257 GRT | k. A. | 1883: West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1909 out of service |
| 1900 ( 1883 ) | Floridan (I) | 3257 GRT | k. A. | 1883: West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1908 out of service |
| 1900 ( 1895 ) | Costa Rican | 3179 GRT | k. A. | 1895: West India & Pacific / 1900 to LL / 1905 out of service |
| 1900 ( 1881 ) | West Indian | 2810 GRT | k. A. | 1881: West India & Pacific / 1900 sold to LL / 1900 |
| 1900 ( 1882 ) | Yucatan | 2810 GRT | k. A. | 1882: West India & Pacific / 1900 sold to LL / 1900 |
| 1901 | Colonian (I) | 6564 GRT | k. A. | Sunk off Scilly Island in 1917 |
| 1901 | Kingstonian | 6564 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk near Sardinia in 1918 |
| 1901 | Alexandrian | 4467 GRT | k. A. | 1927 out of service |
| 1902 ( 1898 ) | Oxonian | 6306 GRT | k. A. | 1898: ex Pinmore , Johnston Line / 1902 to LL / 1928 out of service |
| 1902 | Californian | 6223 GRT | Caledon SB & Eng. Co. Ltd., Dundee | Torpedoed at Cape Matapan in 1915 / see also Titanic disaster 1912 |
| 1908 | Median | 6306 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1908 | Mercian | 6306 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1908 | Memphian | 6306 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk near Ireland in 1917 |
| 1909 | Meltonian | 6306 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1912 | Nessian | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1912 | Nitonian | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1912 | Nubian | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Donaldson Line in 1934 |
| 1912 | Ninian | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1912 | Nevisian | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1912 | Nestorian | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Sunk off Cape Clear Island in 1917 |
| 1913 | Norwegian (I) | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk near Ireland in 1917 |
| 1913 | Nortonian | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Donaldson Line in 1934 |
| 1914 | Novian | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1914 | Naperian | 6410 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1913 | Floridan (II) | 4777 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk near Fastnet ( English Channel ) in 1917 |
| 1913 | Scythian | 4865 GRT | k. A. | 1930 out of service |
| 1914 | Sylvanian | 4865 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk near Ireland in 1917 |
| 1914 | Orubian | 3942 GRT | k. A. | Torpedoed and sunk off Eagle Island in 1917 |
| 1914 | Oranian | 3942 GRT | k. A. | Sold in 1934 |
| 1915 | Huronian | 8755 GRT | k. A. | 1932 out of service |
| 1915 ( 1914 ) | Cameronian | 5861 GRT | k. A. | 1914: ex Cameroon , Hapag / 1915 to LL / 1917 torpedoed and sunk |
| 1916 ( 1898 ) | Parisian | 7548 GRT | k. A. | 1898: ex Bethania , Hapag / 1916 sold to LL / 1918 |
| 1916 ( 1906 ) | Leysian | 4703 GRT | k. A. | 1906: ex Serak , DSG Kosmos / 1916 to LL / 1917 sunk |
| 1920 | Philadelphian (II) | 6586 GRT | k. A. | Out of service in 1933 |
| 1921 | Norwegian (II) | 6357 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Donaldson Line in 1934 |
| 1921 | Dakarian | 6434 GRT | k. A. | Launched in 1933 / sold in 1935 |
| 1922 | Dakotian | 6434 GRT | k. A. | Sold to Donaldson Line in 1934 |
| 1922 | Davisian | 6434 GRT | k. A. | Launched in 1933 / sold in 1935 |
| 1922 | Daytonian | 6434 GRT | k. A. | Launched in 1933 / sold in 1935 |
| 1922 | Darian | 6434 GRT | k. A. | Launched in 1933 / sold in 1935 |
| 1923 | Dorelian | 6434 GRT | k. A. | Launched in 1933 / sold in 1935 |
| 1923 | Delilian | 6434 GRT | k. A. | Launched in 1933 / sold in 1935 |
| 1922 ( 1892 ) | Colonian (II) | 6583 GRT | k. A. | 1892: ex Bovic , White Star Line / 1922 to LL / 1928 out of service |
| 1927 ( 1918 ) | Bostonian (II) | 8950 GRT | k. A. | 1918: ex Rimouski , Dominion Line / 1927 to LL / 1932 out of service |
| 1928 | Atlantian | 6549 GRT | k. A. | Launched in 1933 / sold in 1935 |
