Lilium ponticum
| Lilium ponticum | ||||||||||||
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Lilium ponticum , Turkey |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lilium ponticum | ||||||||||||
| K. Koch |
Lilium ponticum is a species from the genus of lilies ( Lilium ) in the Candidum section .
description
Lilium ponticum is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 75 centimeters. The bulb has a diameter of 3 to 5, rarely up to 7 centimeters, is conical and, compared to Lilium ciliatum and Lilium szovitsianum, consists of relatively few scales. The upright stem is rooted above the bulb, the roots are fully developed before the flower wilts. The pointed-elliptical to narrow-lanceolate leaves are arranged in a spiral shape along the stem, they reach a length between 33 and 82 millimeters and are 8 to 20 millimeters wide. The leaves are covered with short bristles at the edge and along the veins of the underside of the leaf.
The inflorescence consists of one to five flowers, which are in the shape of a turkish collar but flat and round, have a diameter of 31 to 45 millimeters and - similar to the Pyrenean lily - have a strong pungent odor. The strongly bent back bracts are linear-elliptical, almost pointed, 34 to 45 millimeters long and 5 to 9 millimeters wide, of firm texture and glossy. They are hairless and papillary at the extreme end and have a buttery yellow to dark orange base color. The fine dots increase more and more towards the center, the throat is solid red-brown to chocolate-brown. The approach of the bracts is purple from the outside, the lower third of the inner circle of the petals is free of inward-pointing, tongue-shaped growths.
The stamens are papilose (diagnostic feature!), Unwaxed and 20 to 26 millimeters long, the anthers 5 to 7 millimeters long, the pollen orange to orange-red. The stylus is 11 to 16 millimeters long. The seeds germinate instantaneously and hypogeaically.
Distribution and habitat
Lilium ponticum is found exclusively in the Turkish provinces of Rize and Trabzon as well as in Georgia in the Central Caucasus , the artvinense variety is endemic to the Turkish province of Artvin .
The nominate form is found above the tree line between 1800 and 2400 m, Lilium ponticum var. Artvinense, however, between 1500 and 1800 meters below the tree line.
The species is found on mountain meadows, bushy slopes, in birch thickets and on the banks of rivers. The locations are often shaded, the soils moist, loose and rocky lava rock soils, often very humic.
Systematics
Lilium ponticum was first described by Karl Koch in 1849 . The scientific name refers to Pontos , the ancient name of the landscape on the mountainous south coast of the Black Sea (now Turkey ) where the species is native. The holotype is believed to have been destroyed, but there is a brief description of the specimen by William Thomas Stearn .
As part of the Carniolicum group, which is systematically difficult to dissolve, its systematic position was repeatedly controversial, especially in the second half of the 20th century. In 1934 it was synonymous with Lilium szovitsianum and Lilium monadelphum , in 1969 Peter Hadland Davis and Douglas Mackay Henderson added the Lilium artvinense, first described in 1911, as a variety, but then described the species in 1983 as a subspecies of Lilium carniolicum . Victoria Matthews, however, placed Lilium ponticum as a subspecies to Lilium pyrenaicum in 1984 , but also classified Lilium artvinense as a variety. The “Flora of Turkey” also follows this view .
However, these summaries of the various taxa of the Carniolicum complex under one species are increasingly no longer accepted; Molecular genetic studies in particular confirm the independence of the species in the group to a large extent. More recent studies have confirmed that Lilium ponticum does not belong to the Carniolicum complex, but to the so-called "Caucasus lilies" around Lilium monadelphum . Since the Monadelphum complex has not yet been sufficiently resolved with molecular genetic means, the exact rank of the variety has not yet been established:
- Lilium ponticum var. Artvinense : bracts orange, 5 to 6.5 millimeters wide, slimmer and less leafy than the nominate form.
proof
Much of the information in this article has been obtained from the following sources:
- PH Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands , Vol. 8, pp. 281-282, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 0852244940
- Mark Wood: Lily Species - Notes and Images. CD-ROM, version of July 13, 2006
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul Furse: Lilies of North-East Turkey , in: RHS Lily Yearbook 1964, p. 64-66
- ↑ I. Resetnik, Z. Liber, Z. Satovic, P. Cigic, T. Nikolic: Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Lilium carniolicum group (Liliaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences , in: Plant Systematics and Evolution 265: 45 58 (2007)
- ↑ Nursel Ikinci, Christoph Oberprieler, Adil Güner: On the origin of European lilies: phylogenetic analysis of Lilium section Liriotypus (Liliaceae) using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacers In: Willdenowia 36, 2006, pp. 647-656. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.36.36201