List of governors of Lower Germany
The list of governors of Lower Germany contains the army commanders and governors of the province of Germania Inferior who resided in Cologne.
Instructions for use:
- The terms of office as governor can sometimes only be determined with uncertainty. More detailed explanations of the dating can be found in the individual articles.
- For clear allocation, the year in which the respective person served as consul is also given, if known .
- The references in the ancient (literary and epigraphic ) sources are given for each governorship . In the case of inscriptions, only one modern publication is given, preferably the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum or the Année épigraphique .
Until the establishment of the province
Dating | Surname | Consul a year |
supporting documents |
---|---|---|---|
12-9 BC Chr. | Nero Claudius Drusus | 9 v. Chr. | |
9–8 BC Chr. | Tiberius | 13 BC Chr .; 7 v. Chr .; 18; 21; 31 | |
4–1 BC Chr. | Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus | 16 BC Chr. | |
1-4 | Marcus Vinicius | 19 BC Chr. | |
4-6 | Tiberius (again) | see above | |
6 / 7-9 | Publius Quinctilius Varus | 13 BC Chr. | |
9-11 | Tiberius (again) | see above | |
12-16 | Germanicus Caesar | 12 | |
14-16? | Aulus Caecina Severus (as legatus Augusti pro praetore ) | 1 v. Chr. | Tac. ann. 1.31.2; 1.37.2; 1.48.1 f .; 1.50.3; 1,56,1-5; 1.60.2; 1.61.1; 1.63-68; 1.72.1; 2,6.1. |
21st | Gaius Visellius Varro | 12 | Tac. ann. 3.41.2; 3.42.2; 3.43.3. |
28 | Lucius Apronius | 8th | Tac. ann. 4.73.1; 6,30,2; CIL ; XIII, 7088CIL . VI, 31687 |
40-41 | Aulus Gabinius Secundus | 35 | Suet. Claud. 24.3; Dio 60.8.7. |
46 | Quintus Sanquinius Maximus | probably 21 or 22; 39 | Tac. ann. 11.18.1. |
47 | Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo | probably 39 | Tac. ann. 11,18,1; 11,19,3; 11, 20, 1 f .; Dio 60,30,3-6. |
54-56 | Pompey Paulinus | no later than 54 | Tac. ann. 13,53,1 f .; Bronze fitting of a cassette; Plin. nat. hist. 33,143; AE 1938, 75 ; CIL XIII, 8548 |
57? -58 | Lucius Duvius Avitus | 56 | CIL ; XII, 1354AE 1976, 391 ; Tac. ann. 13,54,2; 13.56.2. |
63-67? | Publius Sulpicius Scribonius Rufus | maybe before 56 | AE 1969/70, 443 ; Dio 63.17.2 f. |
67-68 | Fonteius Capito | 67 | Tac. hist. 1,7,1; 1.52.1; 4.13.1; 1,58,1 f .; Plut. Galba 15.3; Suet. Galba 11; Dio 64.2.3. |
68-69 | Aulus Vitellius Germanicus | 48 | Tac. hist. 1,9,1; 1.52.1; Suet. Vit. 7.1. |
69-70 | Gaius Dillius Vocula | Tac. hist. 4,25,4. | |
70-71 | Quintus Petillius Cerialis | probably 70; 74 | Tac. hist. 4,68,1; 4.71-79; 4.86; 5.14-26; Dio 66.3.3; Joseph. bell. Iud. 7.82 f. |
? 71-73 | Aulus Marius Celsus | 69 | AE 1979, 413 |
Between 69 and 81 | Unknown | inscription | |
? 76-78 | Quintus Iulius Cordinius Gaius Rutilius Gallicus | At 71; 85 | CIL ; XVI, 23Statius , Silvae 1,4,89 f. |
79-80 | Decimus Junius Novius Priscus | 78 | CIL ; XVI, 158AE 1955, 61 |
approx. 80-83 | Sextus Iulius Frontinus | Probably 73; 98; 100 | CIL XIII, 8624 |
probably in the 80s | Lucius Acilius Strabo | 71 or 80 | CIL XIII, 7709 |
Before 85 | Unknown | AE 1976, 511 |
After the province was established (around 85)
Dating | Surname | Consul a year |
supporting documents |
---|---|---|---|
88-89 | Aulus Bucius Lappius Maximus | 86; 95 | Dio 67,11,1 f .; Epit. de Caes. 11.9 f .; CIL VI, 1347 |
Between 81 and 97 | Titus Vestricius Spurinna | 98 | Plin. ep. 2.7.1 f. |
97? –98? | Lucius Licinius Sura | possibly 93; 102; 107 | AE 1923, 33 |
98? –99? | Lucius Neratius Priscus | 97 | CIL ; IX, 2455AE 1978, 287 ; AE 1969/70, 152 ; Plin. ep. 2.13. |
100 | Unknown | AE 1984, 667 | |
Around 101-102 | Quintus Acutius Nerva | 100 | CIL ; XIII, 7697CIL ; XIII, 7715CIL XIII, 7716 |
Early 2nd century | Unknown | CIL III, 10804 | |
Between 119 and 122 | Aulus Platorius Nepos Manilianus Gaius Licinius Pollio | 119 | CIL V, 877 |
127 | Lucius Coelius Rufus | 119 | AE 1997, 1314 |
at 130 | [Marcus Valerius Propinquus?] Grani [us Fabianus?] Grattius [Cerealis?] Geminius R [estitutus?] | 126 | CIL II, 6084 |
between 135 and 139 | Quintus Lollius Urbicus | at 135 | CIL VIII, 6706 |
between approx. 142 and 150 | Gaius Iulius Severus | probably 138/139 | IGR III, 174. |
After 151 | Lucius Octavius Cornelius Publius Salvius Iulianus Aemilianus | 148 | CIL ; VIII, 24094CIL ; XIII, 7791CIL XIII, 8159 |
between approx. 153 and 158 | Gnaeus Iulius Verus | probably 151 | CIL III, 2732 |
approx. 158-160 | Tiberius Claudius Iulianus | 154 | CIL ; XIII, 8036Fronto ad am. 1,5,1 f .; 1.20.1. |
after 160 | Gaius Septimius Severus | probably 155 or 160 | AE 1917/18, 60 |
Around 171–172 | Quintus Antistius Adventus | AE 1893.88 ; CIL XIII, 8812 | |
under Commodus or shortly before? | Junius Macr […] or Macer | CIL ; XIII, 12521.41CIL ; XIII, 12528.11AE 1935, 140 ; more brick stamps | |
approx. 180 / 181-184 / 185 | Marcus Didius Iulianus | 175 | CIL ; VI, 1401CIL ; XIII, 8260CIL ; XIII, 12515.8CIL ; XIII, 12521.39HA v. Did. Jul. 1.6-9. |
Between 180 and 192? | Gaius Allius Fuscianus | AE 1935, 100 | |
196-197 | Virius Lupus ? | Dio 75.6.2. | |
197 | Gaius Valerius Pudens | CIL XIII, 8824 | |
late 2nd / early 3rd century? | Novius Priscus | CIL XIII, 11990 | |
Between Middle of the 2nd and middle of the 3rd century | Fronto | CIL XIII, 8265 | |
Between 2nd and mid 3rd century | Aemilius [-] or | CIL XIII, 8150 | |
2nd / 3rd Century | Quintus Tarquitius Catulus | CIL XIII, 8170 | |
200/201 | Unknown (possibly identical to Lucius Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus) | CIL XIII, 8826 | |
approx. between 200 and 204 | Lucius Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus | 223 | CIL ; VI, 1450CIL ; VI, 1451CIL XIII, 8829 |
End of 2nd / beginning of 3rd century | Unknown (Iasdius?) | CIL VI, 31651 | |
205 | Quintus Venidius Rufus Marius Maximus Lucius Calvinianus | CIL ; XIII, 8828CIL XIII, 8825 | |
211 | Lucius Lucceius Martinus | CIL XIII, 8201 | |
211 | Unknown (possibly identical to L. Lucceius Martinus) | CIL XIII, 8050 | |
around the 210s | Marcus Valerius Senecio | CIL ; VIII, 2751CIL ; VIII, 2750AE 1917/18, 77 | |
early 3rd century | [? Clau] dius Agr [ipp] a | CIL XIII, 7798 | |
218 | Unknown | CIL XIII, 7800 | |
Between 212 and 222 | Unknown | CIL / XIII, 8048 CIL XIII, 8049 | |
222/223 | Titus Flavius Aper Commodianus | CIL ; XIII, 8035CIL XIII, 8607 | |
probably in the 220s / 230s | Gaius Fulvius Maximus | CIL XIII, 8807 | |
at 230? | Unknown (possibly identical to Titus Clodius Aurelius Saturninus ) | AE 1957, 161 ; AE 1972, 598 | |
231 | Flav [ius -] ian [us] | CIL XIII, 8017 | |
between 231 and 235 | Aufidius Coresnius Marcellus | AE 2002, 1772 | |
233-234? | Gaius Furius Sabinus Aquila Timesitheus | CIL XIII, 1807 | |
in the early 230's | Gaius Messius Quintus Decius | 232 | AE 1985, 752 |
after 238 | Lucius Domitius Gallicanus Papinianus | CIL II, 4115 | |
-260 | Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus | 260, 261, 262, 268, 269 | Aur. Vict. 33.8; HA Tyr. tr. 3.9; Zos. 1.38.2; Zonar. 12.24; Petrus Patricius Excerpta Vaticana 165. |
End of the 2nd or 3rd century | Unknown | AE 1979, 111 | |
3rd century | Unknown | AE 1968, 396 | |
3rd century? | Dom (itius?) | CIL XIII, 8665 |
literature
- Werner Eck : The governors of the Germanic provinces from 1. – 3. Century. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1985, ISBN 3-7927-0807-8 (standard work; comprehensive compilation of the sources known in 1985 and available literature with a discussion of the governorships).
- Werner Eck: Cologne in Roman times (= history of the city of Cologne. Volume 1). Greven-Verlag, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-7743-0357-6 , pp. 700 f., Appendix 2 (updated list of governors, without major comments).
Remarks
- ↑ Whether this inscription from Rome is related to Lucius Apronius is not entirely certain.
- ↑ The cassette was found on the battlefield near Cremona , where the first and second battles of Bedriacum took place. Published in Anmerkungie degli scavi di antichità , 1887, p. 221.
- ↑ Only a tiny fragment of this inscription has survived, which Werner Eck added almost completely: On inscriptions by Roman governors in Germania. In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy . Volume 57, 1984, pp. 149-159, here pp. 149-154. The addition can be found in the Clauss-Slaby epigraphic database separately from the CIL entry for the fragment under ZPE 57,154 .
- ^ Edited in: Herbert Nesselhauf , Hans Lieb: Third Addendum to CIL XIII. Inscriptions from the Germanic provinces and the Treverer area. In: Report of the Roman Germanic Commission. Volume 40, 1969, pp. 120-229, here p. 197, no. 203.
- ↑ This governor was initially identified with a suffect consul of the year 71 and the governorship was therefore carefully limited to the years between 73 and 78 (Werner Eck: The governors of the Germanic provinces from the 1st to 3rd centuries. Rhineland-Verlag, Cologne 1985, p . 139). In the meantime, Werner Eck, on the other hand, identifies him more as a suffect consul of the year 80 and therefore dates the governorship to around the 80s (Werner Eck: Cologne in Roman times. Greven-Verlag, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-7743-0357-6 , p. 700 and note 2 on p. 827).
- ↑ On this military diploma, which was only found in 1994, see Werner Eck , Evgeni Paunov: A new military diploma for the auxiliary troops of Germania inferior from the year 127. In: Chiron . Volume 27, 1997, pp. 335-354.
- ^ Jan Hendrik Holwerda, Wouter Cornelis Braat: De Holdeurn bij Berg en Dal. Brill, Leiden 1946, plate XXX. For the classification of the inscriptions see also Werner Eck: The governors of the Germanic provinces from 1. – 3. Century. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1985, p. 182 f.
- ↑ In addition to dating to the reign of Severus Alexander , the main consideration was originally to locate the term of office of Gaius Fulvius Maximus under Septimius Severus (more precisely in the years before 210). Werner Eck: The governors of the Germanic provinces from 1. – 3. Century. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1985, p. 209 f.
- ↑ See the commentary in: L'Année épigraphique . Year 2002 (2005), p. 686 f. (No. 1772).
- ↑ On Decius's career, see Xavier Loriot : Un sénateur illyrien élevé à la pourpre: Trajan Dèce. In: Edmond Frézouls, Hélène Jouffroy: Les empereurs illyriens. Actes du Colloque de Strasbourg (October 11-13, 1990). AECR, Strasbourg 1998, ISBN 2-904337-21-0 , pp. 43-55, on governorship in the Germania inferior, pp. 50 f. - Werner Eck was not yet aware of this official when his prosopography was published by the Lower Germanic governors.
- ↑ Postumus controlled the " Gallic Sonderreich " as a usurper from 260 until his death in 269 and also officiated as a "counter-consul" (which was not recognized in Rome). However, he must have held a regular consulate at some point before taking over his governorship in Lower Germany and his usurpation.