List of the largest objects in the solar system

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This is a ranking of large objects in the solar system in descending order. Usually, the diameter and mass of the objects correlate very strongly. However, there are exceptions such as Neptune, which, although larger in mass , is smaller in diameter than Uranus. The planet Mercury is smaller but more massive than the moons Ganymede and Titan.

list

The line of each satellite shown here has the same color as the planet or dwarf planet it orbits. Of Mars, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris, no satellite is large enough to be listed here; Mercury and Venus don't even have moons. The dwarf planet Ceres (also moonless) is displayed with the same color as the asteroid belt objects without dwarf planet status .

For some trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) there is still a great deal of uncertainty regarding diameter, mass and albedo. Accordingly, these values ​​can change considerably if the sources change. Planet nine cannot be included in the list, as it is only a hypothesis so far, there is no evidence for the existence of this planet.

Rank Ø Surname image Diameter
(km) 		Mass
(kg) 		Rank mass Density
(g / cm³) 		Object type
1 Sun Sun projection with spotting-scope large.jpg 1 392 000 1.989e30th 1 1.408 star
2 Jupiter Jupiter by Cassini-Huygens.jpg
  • equ. 142,984
  • pole. 133,708
 1.898e27 2 1.326 5th planet
3 Saturn Saturn (planet) large rotated.jpg
  • equ. 120,536
  • pole. 108,728
 5.683e26th 3 0.687 6th planet
4th Uranus Uranus2.jpg
  • equ. 51,118
  • pole. 49,946
 8th.681e25th 5 1.271 7th planet
5 Neptune Neptune.jpg
  • equ. 49,528
  • pole. 48,682
 1.024e26th 4th 1.638 8th planet
6th earth The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg
  • equ. 12,756
  • pole. 12,714
 5.972e24 6th 5.514 3rd planet
7th Venus Venuspioneeruv.jpg 12 104 4th.868e24 7th 5.243 2nd planet
8th Mars Mars Valles Marineris.jpeg
  • equ. 6,792
  • pole. 6,752
 6th.417e23 8th 3.933 4th planet
9 Ganymede Ganymede g1 true.jpg 5,262 1.482e23 10 1,940 Jupiter moon
10 titanium Two Halves of Titan.png 5,150 1.346e23 11 1,880 Saturn moon
11 Mercury Mercury in true color.jpg 4,879 3.301e23 9 5.427 1st planet
12 Callisto Callisto.jpg 4,821 1.076e23 12 1,830 Jupiter moon
13 Io Io highest resolution true color.jpg 3,643 8th.932e22nd 13 3.530 Jupiter moon
14th moon Moon merged small.jpg 3,476 7th.346e22nd 14th 3,344 Earth moon
15th Europe Europe-moon.jpg 3.122 4th.800e22nd 15th 3.010 Jupiter moon
16 Triton Triton moon mosaic Voyager 2 (large) .jpg 2,707 2.14the22nd 16 2.050 Neptune moon
17th (134340) Pluto Pluto by LORRI and Ralph, 13 July 2015.jpg 2,376 1.303e22nd 18th 1,854 Dwarf planet
(TNO);
until 2006: 9th planet
18th (136199) Eris Eris and dysnomia.jpg 2,326 1.67e22nd 17th 2.52 Dwarf planet
( TNO )
19th (136108) Haumea Haumea Hubble.png approx. 2,100 × 1,680 × 1,070 4th.01e21st 19th approx. 2 Dwarf planet
(TNO)
20th Titania Titania.jpg 1,578 3.42e21st 20th 1.66 Uranus moon
21st Rhea Rhea hi-res PIA07763.jpg 1,527 2.31e21st 23 1.24 Saturn moon
22nd Oberon Voyager 2 picture of Oberon.jpg 1,523 2.88e21st 22nd 1.56 Uranus moon
23 Iapetus Iapetus as seen by the Cassini probe - 20071008.jpg 1,469 1.81e21st 24 1.09 Saturn moon
24 (136472) Makemake Makemake hubble.png 1,430 3.1e21st 21st approx. 2 Dwarf planet
(TNO)
25th (225088) Gong gong 2007 OR10 and its moon.png 1,230 1.75e21st 25th 1.75 TNO
26th Charon Charon in True Color - High-Res.jpg 1,212 1.586e21st 26th 1.70 Pluto Moon
(TNO)
27 Umbriel
Umbriel (moon) .jpg
 1,169 1.22nde21st 29 1.46 Uranus moon
28 Ariel Ariel (moon) .jpg 1,158 1.29e21st 28 1.59 Uranus moon
29 Dione Dione-PIA07746.jpg 1,123 1.10e21st 30th 1.48 Saturn moon
30th (50000) Quaoar Quaoar PRC2002-17e.jpg 1,120 1.4the21st 27 approx. 2 TNO
31 Tethys Tethys PIA07738.jpg 1,061 6th.18the20th 35 0.985 Saturn moon
32 (90377) Sedna Sedna PRC2004-14d.jpg 995 1.0e21st 31 approx. 2 TNO
33 (307261) 2002 MS 4 2002MS4 Hubble.png 934 8th.5e20th 33 approx. 2 TNO
34 (1) Ceres Ceres RC3 with bright spots.jpg 963 × 891 9.393e20th 32 2.162 Dwarf planet
(asteroid belt)
35 (90482) Orcus Orcus-vanth hst2.jpg 917 6th.3e20th 34 1.53 TNO
36 (120347) Salacia Salacia Hubble.png 846 4th.9e20th 36 1.50 TNO
37 (208996) 2003 AZ 84 2003AZ84 Hubble.png approx. 940 × 766 × 490 2.0e20th 42 0.87 TNO
38 (55565) 2002 AW 197 55565-2002aw197 hst.jpg 768 2.8the20th 37 approx. 1.2 TNO
39 (174567) Varda 756 2.66e20th 38 about 1.2 TNO
40 (532037) 2013 FY 27 2013 FY27.png 742 2.6the20th 39 approx. 1.2 TNO
41 (90568) 2004 GV 9 2004-gv9 hst.jpg 680 2.0e20th 42 approx. 1.2 TNO
42 (145452) 2005 RN 43 2005-rn43 hst.jpg 679 2.0e20th 42 approx. 1.2 TNO
43 (523794) 2015 RR 245 670 1.9e20th 45 approx. 1.2 TNO
44 (55637) 2002 UX 25 20131105 2002 UX25 hst.png 665 1.25the20th 50 0.82 TNO
45 (20000) Varuna 20000-varuna hst.jpg 654 1.45e20th 46 0.99 TNO
46 (229762) Gǃkúnǁ'hòmdímà 2007 UK126 Hubble.png 642 1.36e20th 47 1.04 TNO
47 2010 RF 43 636 1.3e20th 48 approx. 1 TNO
48 2014 UZ 224 2014UZ224-ALMA.jpg 635 1.3e20th 48 approx. 1 TNO
49 (28978) Ixion 28978-ixion hst.jpg 617 1.2e20th 51 approx. 1 TNO
50 (278361) 2007 JJ 43 610 1.2e20th 52 approx. 1 TNO

Other objects (selection)

The objects below are not among the 50 largest objects in the solar system. According to current knowledge, the asteroids Pallas and Vesta are part of the 50 most massive objects in the solar system due to their high density, but their diameter is too small.

Rank Ø Surname image Diameter
(km) 		Mass
(kg) 		Rank mass Density
(g / cm³) 		Object type
- (2) Pallas Potw1749a Pallas crop.png 582 × 556 × 500 2.05e20th 41 2.57 asteroid
- (4) Vesta Vesta from Dawn, July 17.jpg 569 × 555 × 458 2.59e20th 40 3.456 asteroid
- Enceladus Enceladus - July 15 2005 (36690644854) .jpg 504 1.08e20th - 1.61 Saturn moon
- Miranda PIA18185 Miranda's Icy Face.jpg 471 6th.6the19th - 1.20 Uranus moon
- (10) Hygiea SPHERE image of Hygiea.jpg 530 × 407 × 370 9e19th - 2.08 asteroid
- Proteus Proteus Voyager 2 cropped.jpg 440 × 416 × 404 5.0e19th - approx. 1.3 Neptune moon
- Mimas Mimas Cassini.jpg 397 3.79e19th - 1.15 Saturn moon
- Nereid Nereid-Voyager2.jpg 340 3e19th - approx. 1.5 Neptune moon
- (52) Europe 362 × 302 × 252 2e19th - 1.57 asteroid
- (704) Interamnia SPHERE image of Interamnia.jpg 349 × 339 × 274 4the19th - 2.29 asteroid
- (511) Davida 511 Davida dettaglio.png 357 × 294 × 231 4the19th - 2.97 asteroid
- Hyperion Hyperion in natural colors.jpg 360 × 266 × 206 5.6the18th - 0.55 Saturn moon
- (15) Eunomia 357 × 255 × 212 3e19th - 3.14 asteroid
- (3) Juno Juno from Hooker telescope.jpg 320 × 267 × 200 2e19th - 3.2 asteroid

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ The mass of Sedna results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 2 g / cm³, which is typical for large TNOs
  2. ↑ The mass of 2002 MS 4 results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 2 g / cm³, which is typical for large TNOs
  3. ↑ The mass of 2003 AZ 84 results from an estimate with the diameter and a density of 0.87 g / cm³
  4. ↑ The mass of 2002 AW 197 results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 1.2 g / cm³, which is typical for a comparably large TNO
  5. ↑ The mass of 2013 FY 27 results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 1.2 g / cm³, which is typical for a comparably large TNO
  6. ↑ The mass of 2004 GV 9 results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 1.2 g / cm³, which is typical for a comparably large TNO
  7. ↑ The mass of 2005 RN 43 results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 1.2 g / cm³, which is typical for a comparably large TNO
  8. ↑ The mass of 2015 RR 245 results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 1.2 g / cm³, which is typical for a comparably large TNO
  9. ↑ The mass of Varuna results from an estimate with the diameter and a density of 0.99 g / cm³
  10. ↑ The mass of 2010 RF 43 results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 1 g / cm³, which is typical for a comparably large TNO
  11. ↑ The mass of 2014 UZ 224 results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 1 g / cm³ typical for a comparably large TNO
  12. ↑ The mass of Ixion results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 1 g / cm³, which is typical for a comparably large TNO
  13. ↑ The mass of 2007 JJ 43 results from an estimate with the diameter and an assumed density of 1 g / cm³ typical for a comparably large TNO

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj David R. Williams: Planetary Fact Sheets. Goddard Space Flight Center , accessed March 28, 2020 .
  2. ^ M. Brown , E. Schaller: The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris . (PDF) In: Science . 316, No. 5831, June 15, 2007, p. 1585. bibcode : 2007Sci ... 316.1585B . doi : 10.1126 / science.1139415 .
  3. ↑ B. Sicardy et al. a .: Size, density, albedo and atmosphere limit of dwarf planet Eris from a stellar occultation . (PDF) In: EPSC Abstracts . October 6, 2011. bibcode : 2011epsc.conf..137S .
  4. ↑ Eris - in Depth. Retrieved March 28, 2020 (English).
  5. ↑ D. Ragozzine, ME Brown: Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea = 2003 EL61 . In: The Astronomical Journal . 137, No. 6, 2009, pp. 4766-4776. arxiv : 0903.4213 . bibcode : 2009AJ .... 137.4766R . doi : 10.1088 / 0004-6256 / 137/6/4766 .
  6. ^ ET Dunham, SJ Desch, L. Probst: Haumea's Shape, Composition, and Internal Structure . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 877, No. 1, April 2019, p. 11. arxiv : 1904.00522 . bibcode : 2019ApJ ... 877 ... 41D . doi : 10.3847 / 1538-4357 / ab13b3 .
  7. ↑ JL Ortiz, B. Sicardy, F. Braga-Ribas, A. Alvarez-Candal, E. Lellouch, R. Duffard, N. Pinilla-Alonso, VD Ivanov, SP Littlefair, JIB Camargo, M. Assafin, E. Unda -Sanzana, E. Jehin, N. Morales, G. Tancredi, R. Gil-Hutton, I. De La Cueva, JP Colque, DN Da Silva Neto, J. Manfroid, A. Thirouin, PJ Gutiérrez, J. Lecacheux, M. Gillon, A. Maury, F. Colas, J. Licandro, T. Mueller, C. Jacques, D. Weaver: Albedo and atmospheric constraints of dwarf planet Makemake from a stellar occultation . In: Nature . 491, No. 7425, 2012, pp. 566-569. bibcode : 2012Natur.491..566O . doi : 10.1038 / nature11597 . PMID 23172214 . (ESO November 21, 2012 press release: Dwarf Planet Makemake Lacks Atmosphere )
  8. ^ ME Brown: On the size, shape, and density of dwarf planet Makemake . In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 767, No. 1, March 25, 2013, p. L7. arxiv : 1304.1041 . bibcode : 2013ApJ ... 767L ... 7B . doi : 10.1088 / 2041-8205 / 767/1 / L7 .
  9. ↑ Alex Parker et al .: The Mass, Density, and Figure of the Kuiper Belt Dwarf Planet Makemake . In: American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting # 50, id . 509.02 . October 2018. bibcode : 2018DPS .... 5050902P .
  10. ↑ C. Kiss, G. Marton, AH Parker, W. Grundy, A. Farkas-Takacs, J. Stansberry, A. Pal, T. Muller, KS Noll, ME Schwamb, AC Barr, LA Young, J. Vinko: The mass and density of the dwarf planet (225088) 2007 OR 10 . In: Icarus . 334, 2019, pp. 3–10. arxiv : 1903.05439 . 311.02. bibcode : 2018DPS .... 5031102K . doi : 10.1016 / j.icarus.2019.03.013 .
    Initial publication at the American Astronomical Society DPS meeting # 50, with the publication ID 311.02
  11. ↑ Braga-Ribas et al. a .: The Size, Shape, Albedo, Density, and Atmospheric Limit of Transneptunian Object (50000) Quaoar from Multi-chord Stellar Occultations . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 773, July 22, 2013, p. 26. bibcode : 2013ApJ ... 773 ... 26B . doi : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 773/1/26 .
  12. ↑ Ko Arimatsu, Ryou Ohsawa, George L. Hashimoto, Seitaro Urakawa, Jun Takahashi, Miyako Tozuka: New constraint on the atmosphere of (50000) Quaoar from a stellar occultation . In: The Astronomical Journal . 158, No. 6, December 2019, p. 7. arxiv : 1910.09988 . bibcode : 2019AJ .... 158..236A . doi : 10.3847 / 1538-3881 / ab5058 .
  13. ↑ A. Pál, C. Kiss, TG Müller, P. Santos-Sanz, E. Vilenius, N. Szalai, M. Mommert, E. Lellouch, M. Rengel, P. Hartogh, S. Protopapa, J. Stansberry, J. -L. Ortiz, R. Duffard, A. Thirouin, F. Henry, A. Delsanti: "TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. VII. Size and surface characteristics of (90377) Sedna and 2010 EK139 . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . 541, 2012, p. L6. arxiv : 1204.0899 . bibcode : 2012A & A ... 541L ... 6P . doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201218874 .
  14. ↑ a b c E. Vilenius, C. Kiss, M. Mommert: "TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region VI. Herschel / PACS observations and thermal modeling of 19 classical Kuiper belt objects . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . 541, 2012, p. A94. arxiv : 1204.0697 . bibcode : 2012A & A ... 541A..94V . doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201118743 .
  15. ↑ 1 Ceres. Jet Propulsion Laboratory , accessed April 12, 2020 .
  16. ^ A b S. Fornasier, E. Lellouch, T. Müller, P .: TNOs are Cool: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. VIII. Combined Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations of 9 bright targets at 70 to 500 μ m. . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . 555, 2013, p. A92. arxiv : 1305.0449 . bibcode : 2013A & A ... 555A..15F . doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201321329 .
  17. ↑ a b W. M. Grundy, KS Noll, HG Roe, MW Buie, SB Porter, AH Parker, D. Nesvorný, SD Benecchi, DC Stephens, CA Trujillo: Mutual Orbit Orientations of Transneptunian Binaries . In: Icarus . 2019, ISSN  0019-1035 . doi : 10.1016 / j.icarus.2019.03.035 .
  18. ^ A. Dias-Oliveira et al .: Study of the Plutino Object (208996) 2003 AZ84 from Stellar Occultations: Size, Shape, and Topographic Features . In: The Astronomical Journal . 154, No. 1, August, p. 13. arxiv : 1705.10895 . bibcode : 2017AJ .... 154 ... 22D . doi : 10.3847 / 1538-3881 / aa74e9 .
  19. ↑ E. Vilenius, C. Kiss, T. Müller, M. Mommert, P. Santos-Sanz, A. Pál, J. Stansberry, M. Mueller, N. Peixinho, E. Lellouch, S. Fornasier, A. Delsanti , A. Thirouin, JL Ortiz, R. Duffard, D. Perna, F. Henry: "TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. X. Analysis of classical Kuiper belt objects from Herschel and Spitzer observations . In: Astronomy and Astrophysics . 564, April 2014, p. 18. arxiv : 1403.6309 . bibcode : 2014A & A ... 564A..35V . doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201322416 .
  20. ↑ WM Grundy, SB Porter, SD Benecchi, HG Roe, KS Noll, CA Trujillo, A. Thirouin, JA Stansberry, E. Barker, HF Levison: The mutual orbit, mass, and density of the large transneptunian binary system Varda and Ilmarë . In: Icarus . 257, September 2015, pp. 130-138. arxiv : 1505.00510 . bibcode : 2015Icar..257..130G . doi : 10.1016 / j.icarus.2015.04.036 .
  21. ↑ Felipe Braga-Ribas, Bruno Sicardy, Marcelo Assafin, José-Luis Ortiz, Julio Camargo, Josselin Desmars: The stellar occultation by the TNO (174567) Varda of September 10, 2018: size, shape and atmospheric constraints . In: European Planetary Science Congress DPS Joint Meeting 2019 . September 13, 2019.
  22. ↑ Scott Sheppard, Yanga Fernandez, Arielle Moullet: The Albedos, Sizes, Colors and Satellites of Dwarf Planets Compared with Newly Measured Dwarf Planet 2013 FY27 . In: The Astronomical Journal . 156, No. 6, September 6, 2018, p. 270. arxiv : 1809.02184 . bibcode : 2018AJ .... 156..270S . doi : 10.3847 / 1538-3881 / aae92a .
  23. ↑ M. Bannister et al. a .: OSSOS: IV. Discovery of a dwarf planet candidate in the 9: 2 resonance with Neptune (PDF) . In: The Astronomical Journal . 152, No. 6, July 23, 2016, p. 212, 8. arxiv : 1607.06970 . bibcode : 2016AJ .... 152..212B . doi : 10.3847 / 0004-6256 / 152/6/212 .
  24. ^ ME Brown : The density of mid-sized Kuiper belt object 2002 UX25 and the formation of the dwarf planets . In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 778, No. 2, 2013, p. L34. arxiv : 1311.0553 . bibcode : 2013ApJ ... 778L..34B . doi : 10.1088 / 2041-8205 / 778/2 / L34 .
  25. ↑ E. Lellouch, R. Moreno, T. Müller, S. Fornasier, P. Sanstos-Sanz, A. Moullet, M. Gurwell, J. Stansberry, R. Leiva, B. Sicardy, B. Butler, J. Boissier : The thermal emission of Centaurs and Trans-Neptunian objects at millimeter wavelengths from ALMA observations . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . 608, December 2017, p. A45. arxiv : 1709.06747 . bibcode : 2017A & A ... 608A..45L . doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201731676 .
  26. ^ P. Lacerda, D. Jewitt: Densities Of Solar System Objects From Their Rotational Lightcurve . In: The Astronomical Journal . 133, No. 4, 2006, pp. 1393-1408. arxiv : astro-ph / 0612237 . bibcode : 2007AJ .... 133.1393L . doi : 10.1086 / 511772 .
  27. ↑ Ortiz, Sicardy, Camargo & Braga-Ribas: Stellar Occultations by Transneptunian Objects: From Predictions to Observations and Prospects for the Future . In: Prialnik, Barucci & Young (Eds.): The Transneptunian Solar System . Elsevier, 2019, arxiv : 1905.04335 .
  28. ↑ WM Grundy, KS Noll, MW Buie, SD Benecchi, D. Ragozzine, HG Roe: The mutual orbit, mass, and density of transneptunian binary Gǃkúnǁ'hòmdímà (229762 2007 UK126) Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. In: Icarus . 334, December 2018, pp. 30-38. doi : 10.1016 / j.icarus.2018.12.037 .
  29. ↑ LCDB Data for (2010 + RF43) . Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  30. ↑ DW Gerdes, M. Sako, S. Hamilton, K. Zhang, T. Khain, JC Becker: Discovery and Physical Characterization of a Large Scattered Disk Object at 92 AU . In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 839, No. 1, April 2017, p. 7. arxiv : 1702.00731 . bibcode : 2017ApJ ... 839L..15G . doi : 10.3847 / 2041-8213 / aa64d8 .
  31. ↑ E. Lellouch, P. Santos-Sanz, P. Lacerda, M. Mommert, R. Duffard, JL Ortiz, TG Müller, S. Fornasier, J. Stansberry, Cs. Kiss, E. Vilenius, M. Mueller, N. Peixinho, R. Moreno, O. Groussin, A. Delsanti, AW Harris: "TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. IX. Thermal properties of Kuiper belt objects and Centaurs from combined Herschel and Spitzer observations . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . 557, September 2013, p. 19. arxiv : 1202.3657 . bibcode : 2013A & A ... 557A..60L . doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201322047 .
  32. ↑ A. Pál u. a .: Pushing the limits: K2 observations of the trans-Neptunian objects 2002 GV 31 and (278361) 2007 JJ 43 . In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 804, No. 2, May 12, 2015, p. L45. arxiv : 1504.03671 . bibcode : 2015ApJ ... 804L..45P . doi : 10.1088 / 2041-8205 / 804/2 / L45 .
  33. ↑ a b c d e f g James Baer, ​​Steven Chesley, Robert Matson: Astrometric masses of 26 asteroids and observations on asteroid porosity . In: The Astronomical Journal . 141, No. 5, 2011. bibcode : 2011AJ .... 141..143B . doi : 10.1088 / 0004-6256 / 141/5/143 .
  34. ^ CT Russell: Dawn at Vesta: Testing the Protoplanetary Paradigm . In: Science . 336, No. 6082, 2012, pp. 684-686. bibcode : 2012Sci ... 336..684R . doi : 10.1126 / science.1219381 . PMID 22582253 . phyast.pitt.edu (PDF)