List of spherical structures

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Globe of Science and Innovation in Meyrin

The list of spherical structures includes structures and designs in the cubature of a sphere , which are often referred to colloquially as spherical houses . The implemented projects are not full spheres, but spherical building envelopes with a circular floor plan and, if necessary, additional horizontal storeys .

Demarcation

Hemispherical structures are called domed structures . Spherical structures like the Biosphère in Montreal by Buckminster Fuller are known as the Geodesic Dome .

Drafts and concepts

Claude-Nicolas Ledoux The Gardener's House , Draft
  • The French architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux designed the first spherical houses as part of revolutionary architecture in the 18th century. So had z. For example, the design “House of the Corridor Guard” has a spherical shape.
  • In 1927 Ivan Ilyich Leonidov presented the draft for the planned Lenin Institute in Moscow.

Realized structures

Kugelhaus Dresden 1930
  • In 1928, as part of an annual exhibition in Dresden, the “first ball house in the world” was built on the municipal exhibition grounds at the Great Garden. During the National Socialist era, the Kugelhaus was viewed as "un-German" and demolished in 1938.
  • A little later the second ball house in the world was built in Cleveland , Ohio (USA): the "Cunningham Sanitarium". It was a windowless sanatorium building .
Kugelhaus Jockgrim
  • Johann Wilhelm Ludowici (1896–1983) also designed spherical houses in the 1950s. A copy can be seen in the brickworks museum in Jockgrim . It has a diameter of 4.50 meters and was intended for a two-person household. Apart from the hall, kitchen and bathroom, it only had a larger living room / bedroom. Another prototype from Ludowici at the same time is in Neupotz .
  • In 1958 the Atomium was built in Brussels on the occasion of the world exhibition . An airy construction of nine shiny metallic spheres (restaurant, souvenir shop), some of which can be walked in, each 18 meters in diameter, which are based on the crystal structure of iron. The architect was André Waterkeyn . Built to symbolize the atomic age .
  • Between 1959 and 1961 the isothermal ball laboratories were built in Berlin.
  • In 1968 the construction of the so-called Matrimandir began in Auroville , India . The building is currently not finished.
  • In 1969 the spherical observatory of the Manfred von Ardenne research institute , which can be seen from afar, was built in steel according to plans by J. Bauer.
  • In 1976 the artist Edwin Lipburger proclaimed the Kugelmugel Republic , which consists exclusively of a spherical house eight meters in diameter. It is a complete sphere.
  • The spherical house idea by the Spanish architecture firm Rinaldo consists of composite spheres, different diameters and heights, with an interior garden atrium. Earth-covered, ecological and self-sufficient spherical houses are also included in various projects.
  • In 1989, the world's largest spherical building to date was inaugurated, the Globenarena (renamed Ericsson Globe in 2009 ), an event hall in Stockholm, Sweden. It has a diameter of 110 meters and a height of 85 meters.
  • In 2000, a spherical motorway service station was built in France.
  • On the western edge of the Swiss municipality of Meyrin , in the area of ​​the CERN visitor center, there is a spherical house with a load-bearing structure and outer skin made from wooden elements. It was shown for the first time at the Swiss National Exhibition in 2002, although its construction material already had a further history. The building is called the Globe of Science and Innovation .
  • 2003: Entrance building of the earthDATAsafe of Kapsch AG near Kapfenberg (Styria), Austria, S 6
  • In 2005 the glass ball house in Dresden was completed.

literature

  • Fritz Löffler: The old Dresden - history of its buildings . EASeemann, Leipzig 1981, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 .
  • Holger Gantz: 100 buildings in Dresden: A guide to buildings of historical and architectural importance . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-7954-1111-4 .
  • Walter May, Werner Pampel and Hans Konrad: Architectural Guide GDR, Dresden District . VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1979.

Web links

Commons : Spherical Buildings  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Löffler, p. 424 and Gantz, p. 62f, No. 62 (exhibition hall Dresden, Straßburger Platz)
  2. ↑ a b c d Falk Jaeger: Jumped too short. Dresden has another ball house opposite the main train station, but what a ball! . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . June 20, 2005.
  3. ^ Cleveland, Cunningham Sanitarium
  4. ^ Stefan Hellmann: The spherical houses of Johann Wilhelm Ludowici - rottenplaces.de . In: rottenplaces.de . May 16, 2017 ( rottenplaces.de [accessed June 24, 2017]).
  5. ↑ May u. a., p. 73, no. 127