Liu Gang

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Liu Gang ( Chinese  刘刚 , Pinyin Liú Gāng ; born January 30, 1961 in Liaoyuan , People's Republic of China ) is a Chinese scientist and revolutionary, as well as the founder of the autonomous student association. He was a prominent student leader during the 1989 Tiananmen Square demonstrations. Liu graduated from Beijing University with a Masters in Physics and Computer Science from Universidad Nacional de Colombia . After going into exile in the United States in 1993, he studied technology and physics at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey . There he was employed by Morgan Stanley as a Wall Street IT analyst.

Student activist

Liu Fang met Lizhi , a democratic activist, while studying at the Chinese University of Science and Technology in Hefei . Liu organized “democracy salons” at Beijing University . Later, Wang Dan also took a position there.

Liu was 28 years old when the demonstrations started in 1989. He organized the Beijing Autonomous Students' Union and joined the movement's organization department. As a result, he was ranked sixth out of 21 activists whose arrest was mandated by the government. He went into hiding as a refugee, but was arrested on June 15, 1989 and charged with attempting to undermine the Chinese Communist Party . He was sentenced to six years in Qincheng Prison .

After his release in 1996, Liu continued his human rights activities and organized an underground democracy movement. After moving to the United States, Liu continued his studies at Columbia University in New York City. From there, he continued to support the Chinese democracy movement and led further democratic protests in 2011.

Scientific Research

China

In 1982, Liu received a BA in Modern Mechanics from the University of Science and Technology in China. He was employed by AVIC International in Shenyang in the aerodynamics department . Liu worked in partnership with Luo Yang and was promoted to aircraft designer. His research area was the theory of resistance and he worked on problems of double sided entrances and radar technology.

In 1984, Liu received a Masters Degree in Optics from the Department of Physics at Peking University , where he taught as an assistant. Liu continued to work at the China Soft Science Research Institute, but also served as Assistant Director at the University of Science and Technology in China.

In 1988, Liu became an associate assistant researcher with the Wear-Resistant Materials Development Company of the National Ministry of Higher Education & Institute of Technology in Dalian. He was then transferred to the physics department at the Chinese Academy of Sciences .

United States

In 1996, Liu received a Masters Degree in Computer Science from the University of Colombia. He was invited to speak at the New York Academy of Sciences . Liu was hired as a math technician by the network and systems research division at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill , New Jersey. There he worked on network design and planning of optical telecommunications , routing algorithms, optimization processes and economic models and strategy analysis.

Liu's research areas included SPIDER, a tool for rapid restoration on all optical networks; VPNStar, a system for providing multi-service VPNs with quality of service guarantees over Internet Protocol ; Software design, a management system for Lambda routers on all optical networks; Analysis of Internet price behavior.

While at Bell Laboratories, Liu introduced the A * Prune with KG Ramakrishnan to describe a new type of algorithm. This gave a new direction to research in theoretical science . He found that A * Prune is comparable to the best known approximation algorithms currently available for most randomly generated graphs . The algorithm constructs possibilities that run from a starting point towards a desired destination. Each time the algorithm is repeated, all possibilities that are not expedient are excluded. This leaves only those alternatives that have the potential to be converted into feasible solutions. And from these the most useful ways are then extracted.

Liu also suggested a special type of optical device called a SPIDER; optical routers, dense multiplexing and interconnections of unprecedented capacities. Liu and his colleagues develop techniques for efficient and reliable optical network design.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tiananmen's Most Wanted In: New York Times , June 3, 2014, accessed May 20, 2017.
  2. ↑ From China's Prisons To Columbia's Computers ( June 12, 2010 memento in the Internet Archive ), June 12, 2010, accessed May 20, 2017.
  3. ↑ Guilt by Association: More Documents from the Chinese Trials In. Asia Watch , July 25, 1991, accessed May 20, 2017
  4. ↑ Nicholas D. Kristof: China Arrests Another Student Leader In: New York Times , June 21, 1989, accessed May 20, 2017.
  5. ↑ Democracy Leader on Trial in China In: The New York Times , January 24, 1991, accessed May 20, 2017.
  6. ↑ Sheryl WuDunn In: New York Times , January 24, 1991, accessed May 20, 2017.
  7. ↑ Nicholas D. Kristof: Imprisoned China Pro-Democrats Charge Torture In: New York Times , September 1, 1992, accessed May 20, 2017.
  8. ^ Nicholas D. Kristof: A Gentler China: A special report .; 4 Years After Tiananmen, The Hard Line Is Cracking In: New York Times , June 1, 1993, accessed May 20, 2017.
  9. ↑ Patrick E. Tyler: Chinese Government Shows Video Of 4 Prisoners Mentioned by US In: New York Times , March 2, 1994, accessed May 20, 2017.
  10. ↑ Chinese Said to Detain Dissidents as Parley Nears In. New York Times , August 1, 1995, accessed May 20, 2017.
  11. ↑ Patrick E. Tyler: Chinese Take Journalists on Guided Tour of Prison In: New York Times , March 6, 1994, accessed May 20, 2017.
  12. ↑ World News Briefs; China Releases Dissident After 6 Years in Prison In: New York Times , June 19, 1995, accessed May 20, 2017.
  13. ↑ Stevem Erlanger: A Top Dissident Flees China And Is Admitted to the US ( Memento of February 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) In: New York Times , May 4, 1996, accessed May 20, 2017.
  14. ↑ Richard Bernstein: Chinese Exiles Wonder How Wind Will Blow In: New York Times , February 21, 1997, accessed May 20, 2017.
  15. ↑ Liu Gang In: Committee of Concerned Scientists , October 3, 1997, accessed May 20, 2017.
  16. ↑ Kathianne Bonielleo: Torment of Tiananmen In: New York Post , August 7, 2011, accessed May 20, 2017.
  17. ↑ China's 21 “Most Wanted” following Tiananmen Square Massacre In: China Daily Mail , June 13, 2013, accessed May 29, 2017.
  18. ↑ Wang Dan press conference statement In: Human Rights in China, April 23, 1998, accessed June 1, 2017.
  19. ↑ Gang Liu ( memento from August 6, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ), September 1, 2000.
  20. ↑ Active Research Projects ( Memento from August 6, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ).
  21. ↑ Gang Liu, KG Ramakrishnan: A * Prune: An Algorithm for Finding K Shortest Paths Subject to Multiple Constraints ( English , PDF) Pennsylvania State University. 2001. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  22. ↑ SPIDER: A Simple and Flexible Tool for Design and Provisioning of Protected Lightpaths in Optical Networks In: Research Gate , March 2002, accessed June 5, 2017.
Note: This article places the family name before the person's first name. This is the usual order in Chinese. Liu is the family name here, Gang is the first name.
personal data
SURNAME Liu, gang
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Liú Gāng
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chinese scientist
DATE OF BIRTH January 30, 1961
PLACE OF BIRTH Liaoyuan , Jilin Province, People's Republic of China