Ljungan virus

Ljungan virus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses Area : Riboviria Empire : Orthornavirae Phylum : Pisuviricota Class : Pisoniviricetes Order : Picornavirales Family : Picornaviridae Genre : Parechovirus Type : Ljungan virus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (+) ssRNA linear Baltimore : Group 4 Symmetry : icosahedral Cover : no
Scientific name
Parechovirus B
Short name
LV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 172314 NCBI  Reference: FJ384560 ICTV Taxon History: 201852039 ICTVdB Virus Code : 00.052.0.06.0.003

The parechovirus b ( LV , en. Ljungan virus , Rodent parechovirus officially Parechovirus B ) is a virus that rodents attacks. It was first described in the mid-1990s. The virus was originally isolated from bank voles ( Myodes glareolus ) in the Swedish province of Medelpad near the Ljungan River . It could then be detected in other countries in Europe and America and causes serious diseases in wild and laboratory animals.

features

The virus particles ( virions ) appear roughly spherical in the electron microscope , without any special features and have a diameter of about 27 nanometers. The genome consists of (+) ssRNA with a length of about 7600 base pairs without poly-A tail and a GC content of 42%. It codes for a polyprotein whose subunits consist of three capsid proteins, a protein for processing the polyprotein, two membrane-associated proteins, a protease , an ATPase , an inhibitor of cell growth, an initiator of RNA transcription and a reverse transcriptase .

pathology

Several scientific publications in recent years report the connection between Ljungan virus infection and malformations in the newborn, intrauterine fetal death and sudden infant death syndrome in humans. Worldwide studies are currently to investigate whether diabetes, neurological and other human diseases are possibly connected to the infection by the Ljungan virus . Ljungan virus belongs to the genus Parechovirus , to the family of the picornaviruses ( Picornaviridae ). Other representatives of this family are z. B. the poliovirus , the hepatitis A virus and the rhinovirus , which is the cause of colds. One of the first scientific discoveries was that Ljungan virus infected wild rodents develop diabetes when exposed to stressful situations. This led to the assumption that this disease is the underlying cause of fluctuations in rodent populations in Scandinavia; as the density of a rodent population increases, it is more difficult for the individual animal to defend the territory, to obtain food, and it is more likely to be a prey. This stressful situation leads to illness, death and, as a result, a decrease in population density. One consequence is cyclical changes in the size of the rodent populations over time.

Web links

• ljunganvirus.org

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b v1 MSL # 34, Feb. 2019
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
3. ↑ ^{a b} B. Niklasson et al. a .: A new picornavirus isolated from bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) . In: Virology . tape 255 , no. 1 , 1999, p. 86-93 , PMID 10049824 .
4. ^ AJ Main, RE Shope, RC Wallis: Characterization of Whitney's Clethrionomys gapperi virus isolates from Massachusetts . In: J Wildl Dis . tape 12 , no. 2 , 1976, p. 154-164 , PMID 6801 .
5. ↑ ^{a b} B. Niklasson et al. a .: Diabetes and myocarditis in voles and lemmings at cyclic peak densities - induced by Ljungan virus? In: Oecologia . tape 150 , no. 1 , 2006, p. 1-7 , PMID 16868760 .
6. ↑ A. Samsioe et al. a .: Intrauterine death, fetal malformation, and delayed pregnancy in Ljungan virus-infected mice . In: Birth Defects Res Part B-Dev Reprod Toxicol . tape 77 , no. 4 , 2006, p. 251-256 , PMID 16894624 .
7. ↑ Susanne Johansson, Bo Niklasson, Jacob Maizel, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, A. Michael Lindberg: Molecular Analysis of Three Ljungan Virus Isolates Reveals a New, Close-to-Root Lineage of the Picornaviridae with a Cluster of Two Unrelated 2A Proteins . In: Journal of Virology . tape 76 , no. 17 , 2002, p. 8920-8930 , PMID 12163611 .
8. ↑ B. Niklasson et al. a .: Development of type 1 diabetes in wild bank voles associated with islet autoantibodies and the novel ljungan virus . In: Int J Exp Diabesity Res . tape 4 , no. 1 , 2003, p. 35-44 , PMID 12745669 .
9. ↑ B. Niklasson et al. a .: Zoonotic Ljungan virus associated with central nervous system malformations in terminated pregnancy . In: Birth Defects Res Part A-Clin Mol Teratol . tape 85 , no. 6 , 2009, p. 542-555 , PMID 19180651 .
10. ↑ B. Niklasson et al. a .: Sudden infant death syndrome and Ljungan virus . In: Forensic Sci Med Pathol . 2009, PMID 19408134 .
11. ↑ B. Niklasson et al. a .: Association of zoonotic Ljungan virus with intrauterine fetal deaths . In: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol . tape 79 , no. 6 , 2007, p. 488-493 , PMID 17335057 .
12. ↑ P. Joki-Korpela, T. Hyypia: Parechoviruses, a novel group of human picornaviruses . In: Ann Med . tape 33 , no. 7 , 2001, p. 466-471 , PMID 11680794 .
13. ↑ B. Schoenecker, KE Heller, T. Freimanis: Development of stereotypies and polydipsia in wild caught bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and their laboratory-bred offspring. Is polydipsia a symptom of diabetes mellitus? In: Appl Anim Behav Sci . tape 68 , no. 4 , 2000, pp. 349-357 , PMID 10844158 .