Ljusterö
| Ljusterö | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Waters | Baltic Sea | |
| Geographical location | 59 ° 32 ' N , 18 ° 37' E | |
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| surface | 6,205 hectares | |
| Highest elevation | 52 m | |
| Residents | 1591 | |
Ljusterö is located in Uppland in Österåkers kommun . It is the largest island in the Stockholm archipelago with no fixed connection to the mainland.
Local administration
The island was assigned to Ljusterö socken in 1869 . Before that it was divided into the parishes of Norra Ljusterö församling and Södra Ljusterö församling . Ljusterö socken was incorporated in Österåkers landskommun in 1967 and was part of Vaxholms commun in 1974 . When Österåkers kommun was formed in 1983 , administrative power emanated from there. In 1998 the parish became part of the Ljusterö-Kulla församling .
geology
The bedrock on which Ljusterö is founded is one of the oldest rock formations in Sweden. The former mountain ranges formed around 1,500 to 800 million years ago. During the last ice age, around 21,000 years ago, the four-kilometer-thick layer of ice abraded these mountains during various periods. This grinding process took place from the northwest to the southeast. This led to the rocks, which are relatively smooth today, on which clear grinding marks can still be seen. Most of these come from stones frozen in the ice. Northern Ljusterö and the nearby islands were particularly hard hit by this process.
When the ice sheet retreated around 10,000 years ago , today's archipelago was deep below sea level. The land uplift that began then led to the formation of the land we know today. Even today, this uplift continues at a rate of around 0.5 centimeters per year. During excavations in the forest, far from the beach, you can find snails that date back to when Ljusterö was the seabed.
Large parts of Ljusterö have a very lime-rich soil. It was not until about 1,000 years ago, i.e. during the Viking Age (800 to 1,050 AD), that larger islands formed on the highest land elevations that could be used as settlement sites. A few hundred years ago, Ljuströ consisted of two islands with the Mjölnar stream in the middle, but you could walk from one island to the other through the water. The division into south and north from that time has been retained until today. Östra Lagnö in the northern part of Ljusterö is separated from the land proper. But it is counted as belonging to Ljusterö because it is connected to the island by a bridge. The bridge between West and East Lagnö is a manually opened bascule bridge over the Klintsundet. The clearance height when the bridge is closed is 3 meters.
nature
The undeveloped parts of Ljusterö consist mainly of forest. The terrain is slightly hilly with maximum heights of around 20 to 25 meters above sea level. Between the elevations there are relatively large areas of fertile land, the greater part of which consists of pasture and grassland. There are some larger elevations in the southern part of Ljusterö. One of them is the head of Ljusterö , which is also the highest point on the island at 52 meters.
There are 15 named inland lakes on the island . These are called: Insjön (near Ost-Tranvik), Flyn , Tappen , Mjölnarsjön , Kavelsjön , Kärren , Stupsjön , Måssjön , Sundviksjön , Kyrksjön , Skären , Mörtsjön , Kobban , Fladen and also another one that also bears the name Insjön (in Ost -Lagnö).
The Archipelago Foundation ( Swedish: Skärgårdsstiftelsen ) owns and manages the land in two areas that make up the East Lagnö - Själbottna Nature Reserve with a total area of 155 hectares.
In the nature reserve right by Bössarviken's northern beach on northern Ljusterö, but also in many other places, there is a unique flora .
Most of the large mammals living on land are on the mainland side near Roslagen . The most common are hares, foxes, badgers, deer and elk. There are also sea eagle nests on or near Ljusterö.
history
Ljusterö's oldest history and culture is shaped by agriculture, hunting and fishing. For a long time, fishing in the very fish-rich waters in the area was an important part of supplying the population. When the forest was later gradually cleared and the areas were converted into arable land, agriculture took over this role.
North and South Ljusterö
In Ljusterö's history before the 19th century, the island was divided into north and south Ljusterö. This only changed when a contiguous island was created through land elevations.
The name Ljusterö
Ljusterös name was first mentioned in 1322, at that time still in the form Sudhralyustra with the meaning "södra ljuster" ( German southern fishing fork ). The name came from the fact that the shape of the two southern headlands resembled a barbed spear. Unfortunately, there are no reliable sources for this theory and the statement is therefore uncertain. In the 14th century there were no accurate maps, especially not from the archipelago. However, these would be imperative to prove the equality of appearance with a spear. It is much more likely that fish and especially eel were hunted with such fishing gear during this period. This explanation is more obvious than the first thesis.
antiquity
Already during the Vendel Period (around 550 BC) there was a permanent population on Ljusterö. Traces of old graves can still be found in several villages on the island. The oldest of these finds comes from the village of Bolby in the south of Ljusterö. A large grave from the Iron Age was found there about 100 years ago . Unfortunately, it turned out that it was empty. Up on the northernmost part of northern Ljusterö, on the Sillinge farm , farmhand Josef Jansson found two exceptionally beautiful and unusual bangles in 1923. These were made of twisted gold and both weighed 400 grams together. The bracelets are now in the Historical Museum .
14th Century
In 1301 King Birger Magnusson confirmed a land swap between Ambjörn Sixtensson and Karl Gregersson (Läma) . South Ljusterö was also included in this exchange. The name mentioned at the time was Sydra Lystra .
In 1322 Archbishop Olof Björnsson exchanged his lands in Valla for Nils Ambjörnsson's island of Sudhralyustra .
16th Century
North Ljusterö was during the late 16th century to Count the elderly Per Brahe on Rydboholm Castle borrowed . In 1641 Field Marshal Lennart Torstenson became the owner of all of northern Ljusterö through a deed of gift. His widow Beata De la Gardie lived temporarily on Väsby's estate.
In the oldest surviving census of the then governor for Värmdö to the shipping law of 1535, 6 farms on Ljusterö are mentioned. These are: Bolby, Väsby, Ösby, Gärdsvik, Inneby and Mörtsunda. Gärdsvik and Inneby are occupied even earlier.
In 1535 there were 28 feudal farmers on Ljusterö . 18 on north Lusterö and 10 on south Ljusterö. Only two new farms were added over the next 40 years. But during the years 1535 and 1719 the number of farms multiplied to around 100.
17th century
At the beginning of the 17th century there were 200 hectares of cultivated land on Ljusterö . In 1606, South Ljusterö was loaned to Erik Göransson Tegel by Jöran Persson , a counselor to Erik XIV .
18th century
During the 18th century, both north and south Ljusterö in Värmdö skeppslag and Värmdö socked . During this time, southern and northern Ljusterö and Svartsjö belonged to it. In 1719 the entire Stockholm skärgård had a population of around 2,800 people. About 700 of them lived on Ljusterö. Around 400 of these people can be identified by name. Mainly through censuses. The cultivated land had expanded to an area of 250 hectares. The largest farms were in Bolby , Gärdsvik and Mellansjö . When harvests failed, one could get an early form of farm subsidy. In 1719 the farmers received rye for sowing from Stockholm's castle magazine. This happened under the reign of Ulrika Eleonora (1688 to 1741), regent of (1719 to 1720).
Manors
- Hummelmora säteri
- Marums, also known as Värmdö skeppslags, was the largest hay producer in the early 18th century
- Väsby säteri
Ålön's brickworks and Marums Gut
The Marum estate and the island of Ålön just west of Ljusterö were bought in 1725 by the then well-known Stockholm merchant Hans Lenman (1683 to 1739), married to Märta Kohl (1691 to 1734). At the time, the largest brick factory in the Stockholm archipelago was founded on Ålön. In addition to the company on Ålön, Lenman owned another brick production facility in Kungsholmen . The brick factory on Ålön continued to operate until the 1860s.
There is a manor house on Marums Gut, which was built by Hans Lenman using stones from the Ålön brickworks. There were rumors that Princess Kristina (1626 to 1689) used Marums Gut as a hunting lodge at times. However, this claim must be rejected, as the princess had died before the property was completed. The buildings were not finally completed until the 1740s, a few years after Lenman's death. To the north of the estate there is a swampy area called Maren . The estate owes its name to this. Today (2009) the estate is in private hands. You can rent parking spaces for horses there.
Ships
In 1715 there was an 80- foot coastal sailing ship , 28 30-foot cabin boats and 12 larger fishing boats on Ljusterö .
fishing
Net fishing was an elementary part of life at that time and essential for feeding the population. A large fishing net was owned by the village and people helped each other fish. Fresh and salted fish could be exchanged for grain. For one ton of salted herring (about 125 liters), there was two tons of rye. They also took part in seasonal fishing trips in the outer archipelago near Horssten and Grönskär . Cod and herrings were primarily caught.
Place names
All place names on Ljusterö have their origins in the individual villages or larger manors on the island.
The main town is Linanäs on southern Ljusterö. The other places with a relatively dense development are also Kårnäs, Tranvik, Staveström, Stensvik, Grundvik, Hummelmora , Lillström, Kårboda, Marum, Västernäs, Öran, Laggarsvik, Bolby , Väsby strand, Ugglan, Knektudden, Arnö, Mellansjö, Åsättra, , Lervikstorp, Ängsvik, Dragboda, Inneby, Gärdsvik, Sillviken, Hästede, Svedlandet, Västra Lagnö (west of Klintsundet) and Östra Lagnö .
Larger populated islands next to Ljusterö
The larger populated islands near Ljusterö are called Örsö , Edö , Huvön , Västerholmen , Hummelmoraön , Ålön and Siarö .
public sector
education
There are various educational institutions on Ljusterö. There is a municipal preschool with two departments at Mellansjö. There is also a recreational facility at the Ljusterö school. There is also a primary school in Mellansjö, which is also run by the regional municipality. There is also a library in the Ljusterö school.
Health care and elderly care
There is a doctor's station in Mellansjö that is operated part-time. In addition, a senior citizens' home is run there under communal management.
Transport links
Ljusterö is heavily dependent on the regular ferry connection. Since November 11, 1955, there has been a transport ferry between Småskärsudden on Ljusterö and Östanå on the mainland. The route is approximately 0.63 nautical miles . Before the new and free ferry connection was set up, there were many private companies that took over the traffic to and from the island for a fee, including the transport of vehicles. The old boat and ferry connections ran from the landing stage in Mörtsunda, Tranvik and Linanäs.
From Stockholm and Vaxholm there are boat connections with archipelago boats. The passenger company Waxholmsbolaget calls at several landing stages on Ljusterö. These include Grundvik , Linanäs , Väsbystrand , Stensvik , Laggarsvik, Åsättra and Hummelmora . The other ferry line, Blidösundsbolaget , only runs with the steamship S / S Blidösund to Gärdsvik's steamship landing stage. However, only in the period from June 14th to August 16th and only on the weekends.
Storstockholms Lokaltrafik ( German Großstockholms Lokalverkehr ) operates on the island with the bus line 626.
Garbage and recycling center
A small area on south Ljusterö in Linanäs is connected to the municipal drinking water supply from the mainland. The waste water is disposed of in its own sewage treatment plant. The residents of northern Ljusterö get their water from drilled or dug wells. The wastewater is disposed of individually. The waste disposal is taken over by the municipality of Österåker. There is a recycling center at Brännbacken in Åkersberga . The bulky waste is picked up twice a year and brought to Brännbacken. There are recycling bins for glass and paper at the ferry terminal in Ljusterö.
fire Department
Ljusterö has its own fire brigade with a fire station in Lillström. This is part of the Stockholm Fire Department. Before there was only one fire alarm center, but today there are always five part-time firefighters on standby. Mostly these move out in fires, but also in many other accidents. The firefighters are also trained to use a defibrillator and thus bridge the waiting time until an ambulance arrives.
Church and congregation
The northern part of the later island originally belonged to the parish of Riala . From this, however, they resigned in 1631 and formed the Kappelförsamling ( German chapel community ) of northern Ljusterö. The southern part of the island once belonged to the parish of Värmdö . In the 17th century they left this and founded the Kapellförsamling of southern Ljusterö. The two parishes were merged in 1868 and now formed the municipality of Ljusterö with its own pastor and vicar. In 1977 the Ljusterö branch was under the administration of Roslags-Kulla . The two groups were merged in 1997 to form the Ljusterö-Kulla church assembly.
The church of Ljusterö with the pastor's house is located in Mellansjö, three kilometers from the ferry terminal in northern Ljusterö.
The octagonal, white wooden church dates from the years 1751 to 1755 and replaced the chapel with a free-standing bell tower, which was built there in the 16th century. The chapel, bell tower and pastor's house were first mentioned on maps by Johan Nessner in 1726 and 1733 . The church received its present appearance during a renovation in 1894. In the course of these measures, the church tower was also built and replaced the free-standing bell tower of the former chapel.
Residential areas
The Bostadsrättsföreningen Ljusterö Torg ( German Wohngenossenschaft Platz von Ljusterö ) has ten two-story houses with a total of 52 apartments. The Bostadsrättsföreningen Roslagens Pärla ( German housing cooperative Perle von Roslagen ) manages 15 apartments, which are divided into different house types. The association's land area is 2 hectares .
Business life
There are around 80 registered small businesses on Ljusterö. Most have between one and three employees. Many of these firms are predominantly construction and civil engineering companies, craftsmen, small and medium-sized boatyards, plumbers, glaziers, painters, electricians, brokers, hairdressers and a smaller number of artisans.
There are also a number of livestock farms on Ljusterö. Many of the residents commute to work on the mainland or combine their activities with work on the island and on the mainland.
Ljusterö has two business centers. One is called Ljusterö Torg ( German place of Ljusterö ) and is located in the middle of the island, about three kilometers from the ferry terminal. There is a grocery store, post office, bank, hairdresser, various boutiques, some service companies and a restaurant. The other center is at Linanäs on south Ljusterö. There are several restaurants, a grocery store, a bakery and a large concrete landing stage for regular shipping in the archipelago, as well as a gas station for boats. At Mjölnarström in the middle of the island there is also a large timber shop with a small range of other construction goods.
Sports facilities
Ljusterö also has a golf course, which is located near Väsby. There is an 18-hole course, a driving range (for practicing long balls), a practice area and a training area where you can practice pitting the balls.
Tourism and sightseeing
- The tourist information office has been open since 2020, unfortunately no longer in Ljusterö Torg, although advice from the owners of the shops is possible.
- There is a guest harbor with around 10 berths (water depth between 1 and 4 meters) and a gas station for boats in Klintsundet and at the Linanäs pier .
- The archipelago just east of Ljusterö is one of the most famous areas in the Stockholm archipelago, with an infinite number of islands, smooth rocks and sheltered bays for swimming. Including Kallskärs , Ängsskärs , Lygna , Stora Nassa , Lilla Nassa , Gillöga and further out Svenska Högarna to name a few in the outer archipelago. Many archipelagos in this area are bird protection zones that are not allowed to be entered during the breeding season. Where exactly these zones are located is indicated in the current maritime sports maps. In the inner part of the archipelago there are many small islands in the area of the north-south fairway about 10 nautical miles from Ljusterö. There is a popular meeting point for boaters in Klintsundet on north Ljusterö with a hinged bridge between Västra Lagnö (part of Ljusterö) and Östra Lagnö . They refuel there and stock up on necessities before continuing their journey to the outer archipelago. In winter, when the bay is frozen over, many people meet there to go ice-skating. The most popular place is in Gällnan, east of Ljusterö.
- Nature reserve. Up in the northern part of Östra Lagnö there is a large nature reserve, which is managed by the Stockholm Skärgårdsstiftelsen ( German archipelago foundation ).
- There is a large population of orchids on the northern beach in the interior of Bössarviken. There are also a large number of oak trees there. The largest is around 350 years old.
- Ljusterö Huvud ( German Ljusterö's head ). From the panoramic mountain Ljusterö Huvud on the west side of the island, you can see about 30 kilometers on a clear day. The view extends to Furusundleden's southern part. To the southwest you can see the Ericsson Globe in Stockholm. At the top of the mountain there is a large concrete foundation for cannons. These were built together with the fortress of Siarö during the Second World War.
- Siaro fortress. On the western side of northern Ljusterö in Furusundsleden is the Kyrkogårdsön ( German churchyard island ) with the fortress of Siarö. Six old air defense bunkers from the Second World War can be seen on the island. The island is a popular excursion point and there are guided tours. There is also a hostel there.
- Marums gård . Marums gård ( German Marums Gut ) is a white painted manor that was built of stone (in contrast to the wooden construction common in Sweden). The building is three-story and has two side buildings. It was completed in the 1740s. Marums gård is the only large manor house on the island and one of the few of its kind in Stockholm's archipelago. The estate was declared a monument in 1983.
- Another destination is the church of Ljusterö.
- A visit to the local history and boat museum in Mellansjö is also worthwhile
- Björklidens gårdsmuseum ( German Björklidens Hofmuseum ) in Åsättra with collections of self- sufficient life in the archipelago. Likewise a tele-department with telephones, computers and radios.
- Handicrafts (ceramics and textiles) can be admired in the old school of Mjölnarström.
- Sweden's largest elephant staty Ljumbo on the market square at Ljusterö torg, owned by Ljusterö Kunstverein, and formerly owned by the German-Swedish elephant trainer and stable master Dan Koehl , who grew up on Ljusterö, where he also lives.
Wind turbines
In spring 2008 a plan was presented to erect a large number of wind turbines on agricultural land in Ljusterö. There should be a total of 23 wind power plants with an output of 2 megawatts per wind turbine. It was calculated that 126,500 megawatt hours of electricity can be generated in this way per year. Today (as of 2008) there is a wind turbine with a megawatt output on a private agricultural area. It is planned to build a second one on this area. The new wind turbine will have a tower height of 100 meters and, including the rotor, a total height of 150 meters above sea level. Many wind turbines of this type are planned to be installed throughout the Stockholm archipelago, but there was fierce opposition from the population when this became widely known in mid-2008. In the autumn an association called För Ljusterö natur och miljö ( German for Ljusterö's nature and environment ) was founded. The aim was to stop the construction of a wind turbine for the first time in accordance with the submitted plan. It has also been found that a large number of these wind power plants contravene the general rules as they apply to the Stockholm region. The requirements for installing wind turbines in Österåkers kommun were checked in 2008 by SWECO on behalf of the municipality. This audit was based on the planning documents and the Österåker general plan from 2006. The municipality has announced that until further notice, a permit will be granted for a smaller number of wind turbines, two on the mainland and a smaller one on the property of the wind power plant that has already been built. On May 25, 2009 Österåker's municipal administration decided that there had to be a safe distance between the wind turbines and housing developments. This is 1,000 meters in the archipelago and on Ljusterö and 700 meters on the mainland.
Trivia
- Mauro Scocco , singer and music producer, mentions Ljusterö in his song Jag saknar oss [German: I miss us ].
- The promotional photos for the new Volvo V90 were shot on the grounds of the summer house on Lagnö designed by Tham & Videgård Arkitekter .
Picture gallery
Ljusterö Church in Mellansjö. Photo: March 2008.
Several hundred years old oak in Bössarviken on northern Ljusterö Photo: May 2008.
Klintsundet, the gateway to the outer archipelago and the bascule bridge between Västra- and Östra Lagnö Photo: June 2008.
View from Ljusterös Huvud over Furusundsledens northeast. Photo: July 2008.
Marums gård, main building with the outbuildings and the park Photo: July 2009.
Marums gårds main building after the renovation in the years 2008 to 2009 Photo: July 2009.
Linanäs landing stage market Photo: July 2008.
Mute swan with cubs on south Ljusterö Photo: July 2008.
Web links
- Österåkers kommun website (in Swedish)
- Ljusteröportal (In Swedish)
- Association for Ljusterös Nature and Environment (In Swedish)
- Pictures of Ljusterö in the picture archive of the Stockholm Archipelago Museum (in Swedish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Harlen: Sverige från A till Ö .
- ↑ National Cyclopedin .
- ↑ a b c d e History of Ljusterö (In Swedish) ( Memento of the original from June 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Stockholm's skärgårds population in the 18th century according to Bertil Hedenstierna .
- ↑ Marums Gård, website ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Islands near Ljusterö (in Swedish) ( Memento of the original from June 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Schools on Ljusterö (in Swedish) ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Living on Ljusterö (in Swedish) ( Memento of the original from June 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Entrepreneurs' Association of Ljusterö (in Swedish) ( Memento of the original from February 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ljusterö Golf Course (in Swedish)
- ↑ Tourism on Ljusterö (in Swedish) ( Memento of the original from May 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nu har elefanten fått sitt namn. In: Ljusteröportalen. Retrieved July 17, 2020 .
- ↑ Länsstyrelsens planeringsunderlag för vindkraft i Stockholms län. Report 2007: 12, dec. 2007. ISBN 978-91-7281-259-8 ( Online ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )
- ↑ Österåkers översiktsplan, 2006. PDF, 13 MB. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pressmeddelande Österåkers kommun, 13 February 2009. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pressmeddelande Österåkers kommun 25 maj, 2009, Vindkraft. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jag saknar oss - lyrics , accessed March 30, 2017
- ↑ Amy Frearson: Summerhouse Lagnö by Tham & Videgård Arkitekter . In Dezeen , August 19, 2013, accessed March 30, 2017
- ↑ Photo shoot: The new Volvo V90 ( Memento of the original from March 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed March 30, 2017
